Bacterial communities of sponges from the wetland ecosystem of Little Rann of Kutch, India with particular reference to
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Bacterial communities of sponges from the wetland ecosystem of Little Rann of Kutch, India with particular reference to Planctomycetes Gaurav Kumar1 · Vaddavalli Radha1 · Uppadda Jagadeeshwari2 · Chintalapati Sasikala2 · Chintalapati Venkata Ramana1 Received: 1 June 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Five sponge specimens belonging to the genera Spongilla and Ciocalypta were collected from Little Rann of Kutch (in Gujarat, India) and analysed for associated microbiomes. Critical analysis was done with respect to members of the phylum Planctomycetes, using two different strategies; 1. Culture-independent metagenomic approach and 2. culture-dependent anaerobic enrichment for anammox-planctomycetes. The 16S rRNA gene (V1-V3 region) amplicon metagenome analysis revealed significant divergence in bacterial diversity, including Planctomycetes among the sponges analysed. Community metagenomics revealed a total of 376 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belonging to 41 different phyla. OTUs belonging to Proteobacteria was the most abundant (38%) among the sponge analysed. The KEGG annotation predicted a total of 6909 KEGG orthologs (KOs); most of the KOs are associated with membrane transport, xenobiotic degradation, production of secondary metabolites, amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. In the culture-dependent study, FISH analysis confirmed the association of anammox-planctomycetes with sponges. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of two planctomycetes (JC545, JC543) were cladding with those of uncultured Phycisphaerae class. The other three putative anammox bacteria (JC541, JC542, JC544) formed a different clade with “Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans”. These three putative bacteria believably represent new species/genus related to “Candidatus Brocadia”. Keywords Sponges · Culture independent · Metagenome · Culture dependent · Planctomycetes · Anammox bacteria
Introduction
Gaurav Kumar, Vaddavalli Radha and Uppadda Jagadeeshwari contributed equally and considered as first authors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02449-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Chintalapati Venkata Ramana [email protected] Chintalapati Sasikala [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, India
Bacterial Discovery Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, J. N. T. University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, India
2
An unprecedented amount of information through highthroughput sequencing methods revealed the structural and functional diversity of microbial communities, particularly those associated with sponges (Thomas et al. 2016). Sponges have highly diverse and specific symbiont communities. Due to the filter-feeding activities of sponges, they maintain a constant influx of seawater microo
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