Bacterial levels and amount of endotoxins in carious dentin within reversible pulpitis scenarios
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Bacterial levels and amount of endotoxins in carious dentin within reversible pulpitis scenarios Taciana Marco Ferraz Caneppele 1 & Letícia Grilo de Souza 1 & Manuela da Silva Spinola 1 & Felipe Eduardo de Oliveira 2 & Luciane Dias de Oliveira 2 & Cláudio Antônio Talge Carvalho 1 & Eduardo Bresciani 1 Received: 8 June 2020 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objectives the objective of the present exploratory study was to determine bacterial diversity and endotoxin levels in deep carious lesions of teeth presenting symptoms of reversible pulpitis. Materials and methods Twenty patients with deep carious lesions, reporting clinical symptomatology compatible with reversible pulpitis (n = 10) or not reporting clinical symptomatology (n = 10), were selected. Carious dentin samples were obtained with the aid of sterile and pyrogen-free spoon excavators and harvested in two steps: before and after infected dentin removal. Samples were collected for checkerboard and for kinetic chromogenic LAL assay for determination of microbial profile and quantitation of endotoxin, respectively. Data were analyzed by Mann Whitney for bacteria and two-way ANOVA for endotoxins (5%). Results No difference on the studied bacteria was detected between the superficial and deep dentin layers. Symptomatic teeth showed greater presence of Lactobacillus species, Capnocytophaga sputigena, and Leptotrichia buccalis. For the endotoxins, symptomatic teeth resulted in greater quantity of endotoxins (p = 0.047), being 4.13 log10 EU/mL/μg dentin and 3.45 log10 EU/ mL/μg dentin, for symptomatic and asymptomatic teeth, respectively. Dentin collected in different areas presented similar number of endotoxins (p = 0.139). Conclusion The amount of the studied bacteria does not seem to be related to reported symptomatology of deep carious lesions, while endotoxins quantity is greater in symptomatic scenarios, regardless of the harvesting area. Clinical relevance The understanding of bacterial amount in reversible pulpitis is important to establish a clinical protocol of treatment. Keywords dental caries . dentin . bacteria . endotoxin . pulpitis
Introduction Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, diet-modulated, and multifactorial disease that leads to teeth mineral loss [1, 2] and is still a major oral health problem in industrialized countries according to the World Health Organization. When untreated, dental caries may progress into deep lesions, inducing pulp reactions and causing pulp injuries [3–7].
* Eduardo Bresciani [email protected] 1
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, Sao Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
2
Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
High incidence of symptomatic tooth compatible with reversible pulpitis associated to deep carious lesions has been reported [8, 9]. I
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