Bioaugmentation: possible scenarios due to application of bacterial preparations for remediation of oil-contaminated soi
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Bioaugmentation: possible scenarios due to application of bacterial preparations for remediation of oilcontaminated soil Lyudmila G. Bakina . Marina V. Chugunova . Yulia M. Polyak Natalya V. Mayachkina . Alexander O. Gerasimov
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Received: 31 March 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Although bioaugmentation is known as effective and environmentally friendly method increasing removal of hydrocarbons from oil-contaminated soil, it sometimes fails in soil restoration and disturbs the ecological state of soil. We studied possible scenarios of the introduction of oil-degrading bacteria into oil-contaminated podzolic soil assessing the environmental safety of different bacterial preparations in a long-term field experiment. Integral indicators characterizing the state of biocenosis included biological activity of soil and aboveground biomass of grasses. It has been established that bacterial preparations can have both positive and negative effects on the ecological state of soil and oil biodegradation. Of the five bacterial preparations studied, one had a pronounced positive effect on soil biological activity and oil mineralization processes. Two preparations did not accelerate oil biodegradation and were characterized by a weaker positive effect or even a lack of influence. Two more bacterial preparations had a significant negative impact on soil biological properties. These preparations slowed oil mineralization in soil. Both positive and negative
L. G. Bakina M. V. Chugunova Y. M. Polyak (&) N. V. Mayachkina A. O. Gerasimov Institution of Russian Academy of Sciences, SaintPetersburg Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety RAS, Korpusnaya Str. 18, Saint-Petersburg, Russia 197110 e-mail: [email protected]
effects of bacterial preparations were observed only during the first two years after their application. All preparations were not effective during the latter stages of long-term remediation processes. The results indicate that successful application of bioaugmentation for the restoration of oil-contaminated soil requires testing of environmental safety of bacterial preparations in a long-term field experiments prior to any treatment processes. Keywords Oil pollution Soil microbiota Biological activity of soil Phytotoxicity Oil biodegradation
Introduction Bioremediation is an essential method widely used in world practice for cleaning of oil-contaminated soils. It is carried out in two main ways: stimulating native micrbiota by applying mineral fertilizers, loosening, watering, etc. (biostimulation), and applying bacterial preparations, containing specially selected oil-degrading microorganisms (bioaugmentation). Most authors point out the high effectiveness of bacterial preparations for remediation of oil-contaminated soils in various climatic conditions, including extreme ones, for example, Arctic territories (Fritt-Rasmussen and Erland 2013; Korshunova et al. 2016), soils with drysteppe a
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