Bacterial Nanocellulose for Medical Implants
Bacterial cellulose (BC) has established to be a remarkably versatile biomaterial and can be used in wide variety of applied scientific endeavours, especially for medical devices. In fact, biomedical devices recently have gained a significant amount of at
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Bacterial Nanocellulose for Medical Implants Bibin Mathew Cherian, Alcides Lopes Leão, Sivoney Ferreira de Souza, Gabriel Molina de Olyveira, Ligia Maria Manzine Costa, Cláudia Valéria Seullner Brandão and Suresh S. Narine
Abstract Bacterial cellulose (BC) has established to be a remarkably versatile biomaterial and can be used in wide variety of applied scientific endeavours, especially for medical devices. In fact, biomedical devices recently have gained a significant amount of attention because of an increased interest in tissue-engineered products for both wound care and the regeneration of damaged or diseased organs. Due to its unique nanostructure and properties, microbial cellulose is a natural candidate for numerous medical and tissue-engineered applications. Hydrophilic bacterial cellulose fibers of an average diameter of 50 nm are produced by the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum, using a fermentation process. The microbial cellulose fiber has a high degree of crystallinity. Using direct nanomechanical measurement, determined that these fibers are very strong and when used in combination with other biocompatible materials, produce nanocomposites particularly suitable for use in human and veterinary medicine. Moreover, the nanostructure and morphological similarities with collagen make BC attractive for cell immobilization and
B. M. Cherian (&) A. L. Leão Department of Natural Resources, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18610-307, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] S. F. de Souza G. M. de Olyveira L. M. M. Costa Department of Nanoscience and Advanced Materials, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP 09210-170, Brazil C. V. S. Brandão Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil S. S. Narine Trent Center for Biomaterials Research, Departments of Physics & Astronomy and Chemistry, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
S. Thomas et al. (eds.), Advances in Natural Polymers, Advanced Structured Materials 18, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-20940-6_10, Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
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cell support. The architecture of BC materials can be engineered over length scales ranging from nano to macro by controlling the biofabrication process. The chapter describes the fundamentals, purification and morphological investigation of bacterial cellulose. This chapter deals with the modification of microbial cellulose and how to increase the compatibility between cellulosic surfaces and a variety of plastic materials. Furthermore, provides deep knowledge of fascinating current and future applications of bacterial cellulose and their nanocomposites especially in the medical field, materials with properties closely mimic that of biological organs and tissues were described.
10.1 Introduction Nanocellulose, such as that produced by the bacteria Gluconacetobacter xyli
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