Basalt fibers as functional additives in coating of textiles
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Basalt fibers as functional additives in coating of textiles Carolin Ruffen, Boris Mahltig
Ó The Author(s) 2020 Abstract In the presented study, basalt fibers are used as additives in polymer coatings applied onto textiles substrates. As basalt fibers, short fibers with diameters of around 13 lm and with lengths in the range of 0.16–4 mm are used. As the textile substrate, a cotton fabric is used. The polymer coatings are based on acrylate or polyurethane. As a further coating additive, the silicate compound Aerosil is also evaluated. The realized coated materials are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by optical spectroscopy in arrangement of diffusive reflection and transmission. The optical spectra are recorded in a spectral range from 220 to 1400 nm. By these optical measurements, it is demonstrated that the optical properties for UV-light, visible light and near infrared light are influenced by the basalt-containing coatings. The transmission for UV-light is drastically reduced. It is possible to decrease the transmission for infrared light drastically by use of these coating while the IRreflectance stays on a significant level. In future perspective, these types of coatings could be used as protection against both UV- and IR-light. The surface topography of realized coatings is dominated by the applied basalt fibers. In the case of medium or high basalt fiber concentration, a parallel orientation of some basalt fibers occurs. This type of parallel arrangement could be used in future perspective for different types of applications, e.g., the development of new filter materials. Keywords Basalt fibers, Inorganic fibers, Textile coating, Cotton, UV protective, Infrared protection
C. Ruffen, B. Mahltig (&) Faculty of Textile and Clothing Technology, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstr. 31, 41065 Mo¨nchengladbach, Germany e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Basalt fibers are inorganic fibers that are originally produced by using stones from volcanic rocks. These stones are molten and during a spinning process, are transferred to fiber materials. In a certain way, basalt fibers are similar to glass fibers.1–4 However, there are some main differences, which are related to the origin from natural stones.5,6 In contrast to glass fibers, the basalt fibers contain the main components silica and alumina and also significant amounts of the iron oxides FeO and Fe2O3. The content of iron oxide in basalt fibers differs depending on the origin of the basalt stones used for the fiber production. There are different values for the iron oxide content in basalt fibers reported in the range of 6–16 wt%.3,4,7–9 Due to this iron oxide content, the basalt fibers exhibit a brown coloration. Also, a stronger absorption of heat radiation is reported.4,9 Beside iron oxide, basalt fibers also contain around 1% titanium dioxide.4,6,7 There are manifold applications reported for basalt fibers. One main application is the use as a reinforcing fiber as a part of composite materials.9
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