Basic Nutrition in Obese Patients
Nutrition by definition is the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth. There are many components of nutrition that play a large role in the care of a bariatric patient before and after surgery to support success [1]. Co
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Alyssa Luning and Cheri Leahy
Nutrition by definition is the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth. There are many components of nutrition that play a large role in the care of a bariatric patient before and after surgery to support success [1]. Comprehension of how the body accesses and utilizes these nutrients is invaluable in order to encourage appropriate dietary recommendations. The foundation of nutrition for essential human life may be broken down as follows.
31.1 Macronutrients A substance required in relatively large amounts by living organisms. The body is able to run most efficiently in cell growth, repair, and function throughout all systems when it is provided with the following macronutrients through diet.
31.1.1 Protein Energy 4 kcal/g Function Carry out the work of the living cell by serving as enzymes, receptors, transporters, hormones, antibodies, and communicators.
A. Luning, RDN (*) • C. Leahy, RDN Kennedy Health Alliance, 2201 Chapel Ave W #100, Cherry Hill, NJ 08002, USA e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 A. Loveitt et al. (eds.), Passing the Certified Bariatric Nurses Exam, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41703-5_31
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136 Table 31.1 The essential amino acids
A. Luning and C. Leahy Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine plus cystine Phenylalanine plus tyrosine Threonine Tryptophan Valine
Components Amino acids linked by peptide bonds. There are 20 amino acids required by humans. There are nonessential amino acids which are produced in the body and 9 essential amino acids which must come from the diet (Table 31.1). Examples in patient care: • Patients are typically given a daily high protein gram intake goal to assist in healing and repair after surgery. Daily intake goals may range anywhere from 60 to 80 g for women and 80–100 g for men. • This may vary by the individual if there are any compromising health concerns related to a high-protein diet (such as with kidney disease). • Protein recommendations may range from 1.2 to 1.5 g per kilogram of a patient’s ideal body weight down to .8–1 g per kilogram of a patient’s ideal body weight. • Higher protein diets in patients after bariatric surgery are recommended to promote healing for 1–3 months after surgery. After this time, patients’ needs should be assessed via routine lab work, if possible lean body mass analysis, and patient interview to determine if it is still medically necessary to maintain a high-protein diet. • If a patient is unable to maintain their high-protein diet, they are at greater risk for decreased rate of healing, fatigue, lethargy, protein-calorie malnutrition, and hair loss. • A good bariatric team should provide the patient with information, resources, and tips on how to accurately keep track of protein intake. It is the patient’s responsibility after their procedure to make an effort to meet their dietary goals. • Before and after surgery, patients are typically instructed to navigate the mar
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