Basic Sciences of Nuclear Medicine

Nuclear medicine has become an ever-changing and expanding diagnostic and therapeutic medical profession. The day-to-day innovations seen in the field are, in great part, due to the integration of many scientific bases with complex technologic advances. T

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Magdy M. Khalil (Ed.)

Basic Sciences of Nuclear Medicine

Magdy M. Khalil Imperial College London Hammersmith Campus Biological Imaging Centre Du Cane Road W12 0NN London United Kingdom [email protected]

ISBN 978-3-540-85961-1

e-ISBN 978-3-540-85962-8

DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-85962-8 Springer-Verlag Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010937976 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Cover design: eStudio calamar, Figures/Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com)

I dedicate this book to my parents

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(76) “. . . and over every lord of knowledge, there is ONE more knowing” Yousef (12:76)

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Acknowledgment

Thanks to my God without him nothing can come into existence. I would like to thank my parents who taught me the patience to achieve what I planned to do. Special thanks also go to my wife, little daughter and son who were a driving force for this project. I am grateful to my colleagues in Department of Nuclear Medicine at Kuwait University for their support and encouragement, namely, Prof. Elgazzar, Prof. Gaber Ziada, Dr. Mohamed Sakr, Dr. A.M. Omar, Dr. Jehan Elshammary, Mrs. Heba Essam, Mr. Junaid and Mr. Ayman Taha. Many thanks also to Prof. Melvyn Meyer for his comments and suggestions, Drs. Willy Gsell, Jordi Lopez Tremoleda and Marzena Wylezinska-Arridge, MRC/CSC, Imperial College London, Hammersmith campus, UK. Last but not least would like to thank Sayed and Moustafa Khalil for their kindness and indispensible brotherhood.

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Contents

Part I

Physics and Chemistry of Nuclear Medicine

1

Basic Physics and Radiation Safety in Nuclear Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 G.S. Pant

2

Radiopharmacy: Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Tamer B. Saleh

3

Technetium-99m Radiopharmaceuticals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Tamer B. Saleh

4