Behavioral responses to numerical differences when two invasive ants meet: the case of Lasius neglectus and Linepithema
- PDF / 2,299,248 Bytes
- 19 Pages / 547.087 x 737.008 pts Page_size
- 21 Downloads / 182 Views
(0123456789().,-volV) ( 01234567 89().,-volV)
ORIGINAL PAPER
Behavioral responses to numerical differences when two invasive ants meet: the case of Lasius neglectus and Linepithema humile Gema Trigos-Peral
. Sı´lvia Abril . Elena Angulo
Received: 9 March 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Two of the world’s most invasive ants, Linepithema humile and Lasius neglectus, are destined to overlap in range as they continue to spread throughout Europe. Although L. humile arrived first, and is therefore more numerically abundant, L. neglectus is the more behaviorally dominant of the two. We performed lab trials to determine whether L. humile could use numerical abundance to overcome the behavioral dominance of L. neglectus and whether the ants’ behavioral patterns shifted when the species co-occurred. We found that L. neglectus was more aggressive when less abundant, whereas the opposite was true of L. humile. When L. neglectus was outnumbered, it employed aggressive
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02412-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. G. Trigos-Peral (&) Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] S. Abril Departament de Cie`ncies Ambientals, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain E. Angulo Universite´ Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Syste´matique et Evolution, Orsay, France E. Angulo Estacio´n Biolo´gica de Don˜ana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
behaviors, such as biting or chemical attacks, more frequently than L. humile; it also utilized a behavioral sequence that included mandible opening and biting. Our results for these species support the hypothesis that species modulate their behavior towards competitors, which facilitates the understanding of how multiple invasive ant species can co-occur in a given area. Moreover, our study shows that the co-occurrence of invasive species could result from the use of two strategies: (1) the Bourgeois strategy, in which aggressiveness changes based on numerical dominance and (2) the dear-enemy strategy, in which aggressiveness is reduced when competitors co-occur. Since these strategies may lead to territory partitioning, we suggest that the behavioral flexibility displayed by both species when they overlap may allow local co-occurrence and increase their likelihood of co-occurrence during their range expansion in Europe, which could have a negative cumulative impact on invaded areas. Keywords Biodiversity Confrontations First detection of invasion Invasive ants Interspecific competition
Introduction Invasive species are, by definition, alien species that have serious environmental, economic, and human health impacts, and they are considered to represent a global threat to biodiversity (Keller et al. 2011; Early
123
G. Trigos-Peral et al.
et al. 2016). Invasions occur in stages, which are defined by the barriers that all exotic species
Data Loading...
