Bemessung im konstruktiven Betonbau Nach DIN 1045-1 und DIN EN 1992-
Der Band bietet eine umfassende, durch Anwendungsbeispiele ergänzte Einführung in die Grundlagen der Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbeton- und Spannbeton-Stabtragwerken. Auf Basis mechanischer Modellvorstellungen des Tragverhaltens wird die Bemessung
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24
Sabine Kliesch, Axel Kamischke, Trevor G Cooper, and Eberhard Nieschlag
Contents
24.6
24.1
Introduction........................................................... 506
24.2
History of Cryopreservation of Human Semen ................................................... 506
24.3
Indications for Cryopreservation of Semen........ 506 24.3.1 24.3.2 24.3.3 24.3.4 24.3.5
24.4
506 509 511 511 511
24.6.1 24.6.2 24.7
Use of Cryopreserved Samples ............... 515 Quality of Stored Cryopreserved Semen Samples ....................................... 516
Problems and Limitations of Cryopreservation .............................................. 517 24.7.1 Genetic Risks .............................................. 517 24.7.2 Psychological Aspects ................................ 517 24.7.3 Methodological Considerations .................. 517
References ........................................................................... 518
Requirements and Risk Assessment for Cryoconservation of Human Semen.............. 511 24.4.1 24.4.2 24.4.3 24.4.4
24.5
Fertility Preservation............................... Infertility Treatment ................................ Donor Semen .......................................... Quarantine of Potentially Infected Samples ..................................... Quality Control of Semen Analysis ........
Use and Quality of Stored Cryopreserved Semen Samples ...................................................... 515
Required Resources ................................ Risk of Cross-contamination .................. Staff Safety and Protection ..................... Labelling of Straws and Records ............
511 512 512 512
Preparation of Semen Samples for Cryopreservation ............................................ 512 24.5.1 24.5.2 24.5.3 24.5.4 24.5.5 24.5.6 24.5.7 24.5.8 24.5.9 24.5.10
Preparing the Sample .............................. Routine Sample Freezing and Cryoprotectants ................................ Relative Resistance of Spermatozoa to the Freezing Process ........................... Standard Cryoprotectants........................ Adding the Cryoprotectant ..................... Closing the Straws .................................. Freezing the Samples .............................. Storing the Samples ................................ Thawing the Samples .............................. Frozen Semen Transport .........................
512 512 513 513 514 514 514 515 515 515
S. Kliesch () Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology of the University, Domagkstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany e-mail: [email protected]
E. Nieschlag et al. (eds.), Andrology, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-78355-8_24, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010
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24.1 Introduction This chapter provides a review of the present state of technology, practicability and limits of cryopreservation of human spermatozoa. Its aim is to encourage physicians and health care providers to consider the needs of a patient’s quality of life with respect to his family planning and fer
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