Beyond the Hype: RPA Horizon for Robot-Human Interaction
Medium and big organizations have embraced RPA in the last years bringing to light the high maturity of the technology. Current trends are towards including “human-in-the-loop” which promotes efficient ways for robot-human interaction. This is especially
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rvinform, S.A. Parque Industrial PISA, Calle Manufactura, 5, 41927 Mairena del Aljarafe, Sevilla, Spain [email protected] Computer Languages and Systems Department, Escuela T´ecnica Superior de Ingenier´ıa Inform´ atica, Avenida Reina Mercedes, s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain {mjescalona,jgenriquez}@us.es
Abstract. Medium and big organizations have embraced RPA in the last years bringing to light the high maturity of the technology. Current trends are towards including “human-in-the-loop” which promotes efficient ways for robot-human interaction. This is especially relevant since most real RPA projects require a collaboration between the human and the robot leading to hybrids approaches. The challenges that arise from this line can be addressed by both asynchronous (i.e., landing area or task queues where robots and humans share information) and synchronous solutions (i.e., human digital augmentation where robots provide immediate support). This paper goes in deep elaborating in these two alternatives by setting the benefits, requirements, and future research lines which are envisioned through industrial experiences. In addition, this work exposes the role of process mining in this journey since it allows for the necessary efficiency in the process analysis, time-to-market reduction, and continuous improvement that this robot-human collaboration requires. Keywords: RPA
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· Computer-human interaction · Process mining
Introduction
Currently, the concept of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is an accepted concept that has been maturely deployed in medium-large organizations where it has focused mainly on efficiently and automatically solving large administrative and back-office processes [9]. In this context, there has been a very high initial hype because very high returns were expected in the short term. However, and after a landing phase of unrealistic expectations, the RPA movement has taken significant traction [13]. In recent years, its technology has matured rapidly, while it has become sophisticated in different lines [2]: – Incorporate more “low code” approach elements. Thus, construction agility, deployment control, component reuse and “developer independence” (increasingly relevant factor in the software industry) are an improvement. c Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 A. Asatiani et al. (Eds.): BPM Blockchain and RPA Forum 2020, LNBIP 393, pp. 185–199, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58779-6_13
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– Incorporate machine learning elements that allow the systematic actions to be extended to others where cognitive elements have intervened to date. – Facilitate the scalability and governance of numerous robotic processes; the existence of hundreds of robot farms requires control + command elements similar to the SCADA systems of an electrical network. – Incorporate “human in the loop”, promoting human-robot collaboration. This last point is especially relevant since RPA was initially oriented towards monolithic processes, where automation was complete, end-to-end covering the different br
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