Big Data in Ocean Observation: Opportunities and Challenges
Ocean observation plays an essential role in ocean exploration. Ocean science is entering into big data era with the exponentially growth of information technology and advances in ocean observatories. Ocean observatories are collections of platforms capab
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Abstract. Ocean observation plays an essential role in ocean exploration. Ocean science is entering into big data era with the exponentially growth of information technology and advances in ocean observatories. Ocean observatories are collections of platforms capable of carrying sensors to sample the ocean over appropriate spatio-temporal scales. Data collected by these platforms help answer a range of fundamental and applied research questions. Given the huge volume, diverse types, sustained measurement and potential uses of ocean observing data, it is a typical kind of big data, namely marine big data. The traditional data-centric infrastructure is insufficient to deal with new challenges arising in ocean science. This paper discusses some possible new strategies to solve marine big data challenges in the phases of data storage, data computing and analysis. A geological example illustrates the significant use of marine big data. Finally, we highlight some challenges and key issues in marine big data. Keywords: Big data
Ocean observation Marine big data Infrastructure
1 Introduction The ocean covers more than 2/3 of Earth’s surface. Phytoplankton in the surface ocean produces half of the oxygen from photosynthesis on Earth. Ninety percent of heat from global warming has been absorbed by the ocean. No matter where we live, the ocean affects our life. However, 95 % of the ocean remains unexplored and under-appreciated by humans [1]. This calls for understanding all facets of the ocean as well as its complex connections with Earth’s atmosphere, land, ice, seafloor, and life—including humanity. It is essential not only to advance knowledge about our planet, but also to ensure society’s long-term welfare and to help guide human stewardship of the environment. Oceanography is evolving from a ship-based expeditionary science to a distributed, observatory-based approach, facilitating data collection of long-term time series and providing an interactive capability to conduct experiments using data streaming in real time [2]. Multi-source ocean observing data are collected and stored at an unprecedented scale and speed [3]. Based upon Gartner’s definition of big data [4], ocean observing data do have the 3Vs (Volume, Velocity and Variety) characteristics. Therefore, ocean observing data can be regarded as a typical kind of big data, i.e. marine big data. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 Y. Wang et al. (Eds.): BigCom 2016, LNCS 9784, pp. 212–222, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42553-5_18
Big Data in Ocean Observation: Opportunities and Challenges
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These data must be stored in raw format, parsed, calibrated and processed for quality control, then analyzed, and further derived into other products such as visualizations [5]. Due to the unique characteristics of marine big data, they exceed the processing and analysis capacities of conventional systems. This situation has caused new challenges for the traditional technologies such as relational databases and scaleup infrastructures [6]. Current rese
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