Bioaccumulation and Toxicological Effects of UV-Filters on Marine Species
UV-filters are of emerging concern and their toxicity has been demonstrated in many papers. Organic and mineral UV-filters are active ingredients found in sunscreens. Due to the presence of UV-filters in marine waters, studies on these compounds bioaccumu
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Current Trends of UV-Filters 3 Toxicity of Sunscreens 3.1 4-Methylbenzilydene Camphor 3.2 Benzophenones 3.3 Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate 3.4 Octocrylene 3.5 Other Organic UV-Filters 3.6 Inorganic UV-Filters 3.7 Combination Study 4 Standardized Toxicity Studies 5 Bioaccumulation of UV-Filters 5.1 In Situ 5.2 In Vivo 6 Conclusion References
Abstract UV-filters are of emerging concern and their toxicity has been demonstrated in many papers. Organic and mineral UV-filters are active ingredients found
C. Lozano Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR3579, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Banyuls-sur-mer, France Biological and Environmental Sciences, Stirling University, Stirling, Scotland, UK J. Givens, D. Stien, and P. Lebaron (*) Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR3579, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Banyuls-sur-mer, France e-mail: [email protected] S. Matallana-Surget Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK Julián Blasco, Antonio Tovar, and David Sánchez (eds.), Sunscreens in Coastal Ecosystems: Occurrence, Behavior, Effect and Risk, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2019_442, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
C. Lozano et al.
in sunscreens. Due to the presence of UV-filters in marine waters, studies on these compounds bioaccumulating in organisms have been carried out, and this has been complemented by toxicity studies, with reports of detrimental effects to a variety of organisms. This chapter gives an overview of the bioaccumulation and the toxicity of sunscreen UV-filters on marine species. The toxicity of both inorganic and organic UV-filters is summarized as well as their bioaccumulation in marine biota. Ecotoxicological effects of UV-filters suffer from a lack of standardization across studies. We highlighted the difficulties to make comparisons between studies and emphasize a need for harmonization. Keywords Bioaccumulations, Ecotoxicology, Marine biota, UV-filters
Abbreviation List of UV-Filters Abbreviation 4-MBC
INN/USAN name Enzacamene
BP1
INCI 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane Benzophenone-1
BP2
Benzophenone-2
2,20 ,4,40 -Tetrahydroxybenzophenone
BP3
Benzophenone-3
Oxybenzone
BP4
Benzophenone-4
Sulisobenzone
BP6
Benzophenone-6
BP8
Benzophenone-8
2,20 -Dihydroxy4,40 -dimethoxybenzophenone Dioxybenzone
DHHB
Diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate Drometrizole trisiloxane
–
Octinoxate
ES
Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate Ethylhexyl salicylate
ET
Ethylhexyl triazone
Ethylhexyl triazone
HS
Homosolate
–
BEMT BM
DT EMC
Bemotrizinol Avobenzone 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone
–
Octisalate
CAS # 3686147-9 18739300-6 7035609-1 131-566 131-575 131-577 406545-6 131-544 131-533 30277668-7 15563354-8 546677-3 118-605 8812299-0 118-569 (continued)
Bioaccumulation and Toxicological Eff
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