Bioaccumulation potential of indigenous plants for heavy metal phytoremediation in rural areas of Shaheed Bhagat Singh N
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Bioaccumulation potential of indigenous plants for heavy metal phytoremediation in rural areas of Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar, Punjab (India) Jagdeep Kaur Parihar 1 & Pardeep Kaur Parihar 1 & Yogesh B. Pakade 2 & Jatinder Kaur Katnoria 1 Received: 3 September 2019 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present study was planned to explore the bioaccumulation potential of 23 plant species via bioaccumulation factor (BAf), metal accumulation index (MAI), translocation potential (Tf), and comprehensive bioconcentration index (CBCI) for seven heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc). The studied plants, in the vicinity of ponds at Sahlon: site 1, Chahal Khurd: site 2, and Karnana: site 3 in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar, Punjab (India), were Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L., Amaranthus spinosus L., Amaranthus viridis L., Brassica napus L., Cannabis sativa L., Dalbergia sissoo DC., Duranta repens L., Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants, Ficus infectoria Roxb., Ficus palmata Forssk., Ficus religiosa L., Ipomoea carnea Jacq., Medicago polymorpha L., Melia azedarach L., Morus indica L., Malva rotundifolia L., Panicum virgatum L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Dolichos lablab L., Ricinus communis L., Rumex dentatus L., Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, and Solanum nigrum L. BAf and Tf values showed high inter-site deviations for studied metals. MAI values were found to be more substantial in shoots as compared with that of roots of plants. Maximum CBCI values were observed for M. azedarach (0.626), M. indica (0.572), D. sissoo (0.497), and R. communis (0.474) for site 1; F. infectoria (0.629), R. communis (0.541), D. sissoo (0.483), F. palmata (0.457), and D. repens (0.448) for site 2; D. sissoo (0.681), F. religiosa (0.447), and R. communis (0.429) for site 3. Although, high bioaccumulation of individual metals was observed in herbs like C. sativa, M. polymorpha, and Amaranthus spp., cumulatively, trees were found to be the better bioaccumulators of heavy metals. Keywords Bioaccumulation factor . Comprehensive bioconcentration index . Heavy metal . Metal accumulation index . Phytoremediation . Translocation factor
Introduction Unsustainable and unorganized developments with rapid pace in rural areas have created substantial pressure on rural environments. Soil, water, and air compositions are dominated steadily by emissions from vehicles, domestic fuel combustion, and unplanned agricultural practices. Apart from these, poor management of water resources and solid waste
Responsible editor: Elena Maestri * Jatinder Kaur Katnoria [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
2
CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
significantly raised the level of heavy metals in rural areas (Balakrishnan et al. 2011; Ludwig et al. 2003). The degrading condition of environmental health in rur
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