Bioaugmentation of Nitrifying Microorganisms to Increase the Efficiency of the Oxidation of Nitrogen Compounds during Wa
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Bioaugmentation of Nitrifying Microorganisms to Increase the Efficiency of the Oxidation of Nitrogen Compounds during Wastewater Biofiltration T. V. Vdovinaa, *, A. S. Sirotkina, Y. V. Kobelevaa, and E. S. Gorshkovaa aTupolev
Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, 420015 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Received October 25, 2019; revised February 3, 2020; accepted March 6, 2020
Abstract—The efficiency of the bioaugmentation of nitrifying bacteria into biofilm microbiocenosis with 30 days of continuous biofiltration of a solution of municipal model wastewater has been assessed. The laboratory setup consisted of two parallel operating biofilters. Cultures of ammonium-oxidizing and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria of the Nitrobacter genus were sequentially introduced into one of them after the initial period. It was established that the bioaugmentation of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria into the biofilm microbiocenosis led to an increase in the efficiency of the removal of ammonium nitrogen by an average of 1.6 times as compared to the control biofilter. The subsequent bioaugmentation of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria caused an increase in the amount of nitrates in purified water by an average of two times. The bioaugmentation of nitrifying bacteria in the biofilm microbiocenosis intensified the nitrification process. The quantitative and qualitative identification of microorganisms via fluorescence in situ hybridization showed an increased number of nitrifying microorganisms in the biofilm of the experimental biofilter and a correlation between this characteristic and the biotransformation of nitrogen compounds, which confirms the efficiency of the introduction of microorganisms into the biofilm. Keywords: nitrifying microorganisms, wastewater biofiltration, biofilms, bioaugmentation, fluorescence in situ hybridization DOI: 10.1134/S0003683820090094
INTRODUCTION Biofiltration is one of the most widespread and effective approaches to wastewater treatment. It combines mechanical and physicochemical filtration with the biological oxidation of pollutants. The latter is carried out with the involvement of a microbial biofilm that forms on the surface of the boot material. Biofilters are widely used as compact and efficient systems for water decontamination due to a number of advantages characteristic of the biofiltration process: low operational costs, ease of operation, the lack of recirculation and biomass separation, a relatively small amount of excess biomass, the ability to maintain optimal conditions for a wide variety of microorganisms, a low reactor volume and, thus, a small footprint for the treatment plant [1]. Nitrification plays an important role as the final stage of oxidation processes in wastewater biological treatment. Nitrification is a time-consuming process Abbreviations: AOM—ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms; CFU—colony-forming unit(s); COD—chemical oxygen demand; MWWS—model wastewater solution; NOM—nitriteoxidizing microorganisms; PBS—phosphate-buffered saline.
due to the physiological
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