Bioefficacy of two indigenous Nigerian botanicals on the developmental stages of malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae Giles
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Bioefficacy of two indigenous Nigerian botanicals on the developmental stages of malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae Giles [Diptera: Culicidae] Kayode David Ileke 1
&
Babasola Williams Adu 1
&
Isaac Omotayo Olabimi 2
Received: 23 January 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract The use of botanical insecticides in place of synthetic ones is gradually gaining traction in mosquito control. This research examined the potency of Clerodendrum volubile and Petivera alliacea ethanolic leaf extracts against different life stages of Anopheles gambiae. Each plant extracts were formulated into concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/l. Mosquito bioassays namely oviposition deterrent, larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal and repellency effect were investigated. The highest concentrations of C. volubile and P. alliacea had oviposition active index of −0.60 and − 0.76 respectively. Larval mortality of 58.33 and 100% were recorded for 800 mg/l concentration of C. volubile and P. alliacea after 24 h of exposure. However, the same concentration for both plant extracts recorded 100% after 48 and 72 h. The pupicidal activity of 800 mg/l of C. volubile were 51.67, 71.67 and 100%, and for P. alliacea 85, 100, 100% after 24, 48 and 72 h respectively. The adult mortality for both plant extracts were 16.67% at the highest used concentration after 30 min of exposure. Nevertheless, after 120 min, the same concentration of C. volubile and P. alliacea extracts recorded mortalities of 75 and 100% separately. Clerodendrum volubile extract provided protection of 100% against An. gambiae bites for 90 min while P. alliacea lasted for about 120 min. Petivera alliacea recorded the lowest LC50 and LC90 values for all the various life stages. The efficacies of these plant extracts imply that they can be incorporated into the integrated management of mosquitoes. Keywords Anopheles gambiae . Oviposition deterrent . Larvicidal . Pupicidal . Adulticidal . Repellency
Introduction Mosquitoes are seen as a menace in different climes as they are the vectors of several pathogens alongside with their annoying sounds and bites. These pathogens cause various public health diseases such as dengue fever, malaria, filariasis encephalitis, chikungunya fever, West Nile virus and Zika virus among other disease conditions (Anupam et al. 2012). Anopheles gambiae is responsible for the transmission of malaria fever and lymphatic filariasis (WHO 2007; CDC 2019).
* Isaac Omotayo Olabimi [email protected] 1
Applied Entomology Unit, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
2
Environmental Biology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
One of the efforts aimed at controlling mosquitoes is the use of synthetic insecticides which today is seen as an unpopular choice because they are perceived not to be eco
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