Potential role of Anopheles subpictus as a malaria vector in Ghaziabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Potential role of Anopheles subpictus as a malaria vector in Ghaziabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India Alka Rani 1
&
B. N. Nagpal 2 & Himmat Singh 1
&
Sucheta Shah Mehta 3
&
Aruna Srivastava 1
&
Rekha Saxena 1
Received: 21 February 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract Anopheles subpictus, have been incriminated as a vector in some states of India hence, understanding its possible role in malaria transmission is essential. The present study was focussed on the alteration of mosquito profile in terms of species composition with particular emphasis on malaria vectors and known non-vector An.subpictus due to change in breeding sites that supports different species in Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The immature larva were collected from the identified habitats and the adult mosquitoes were collected from human dwellings, cattle sheds and mixed dwellings of urban, rural and peri-urban during seasonal surveillance from April 2014 to February 2016 in Ghaziabad District. Pyrethrum spray collection was conducted in human dwellings during the same period. Sporozoite detection was done through ELISA and confirmation of positives by PCR. An.subpictus was first time found with Plasmodium infection of 0.73% (5/680) and 0.74% (4/539) by ELISA and PCR respectively, in rural areas (villages of Bhojpur and Muradnagar PHC). An.subpictus together with An.culicifacies and An.stephensi responsible for total sporozoite rate of 1.63% (11/680) by ELISA and 1.03% (7/680) confirmed by PCR. An.subpictus (49.32%) was the most prevalent species of Anopheles with highest abundance in human dwellings (55.76%). Their distribution in Ghaziabad district depends on type of breeding sites and season (by Chi square test) with maximum collection during monsoon season (80. 56%). This study reported role of An.subpictus as a vector of malaria in Ghaziabad district for the first time. Keywords An.subpictus . Non-vector . Vector incrimination . Sporozoite rate
Introduction Mosquitoes have reportedly become the most important vector causing diseases like malaria, dengue, lymphatic filariasis, Japanese Encephalitis, chikungunya, and Zika (Beerntsen et al. 2000). They have adapted themselves according to the changing environment and insecticide pressure (Ferraguti Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00296-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Himmat Singh [email protected] 1
National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India
2
WHO, SEARO, World Health House, Indraprastha Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi 110002, India
3
Department of Zoology, MBGPG College, Kumaun University, NH109, Thapa Colony, Haldwani, Uttarakhand 263139, India
et al. 2016; Surendran et al. 2012). Mosquito genera Anopheles have many vector species which have been spreading malaria globally (Brumby 1979; Neafsey et al. 2015; Surendran et
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