Biogeography and Conservation of Gesneriaceae in the Serra da Mantiqueira , Southeastern Region of Brazil
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ECOLOGY & BIOGEOGRAPHY - ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Biogeography and Conservation of Gesneriaceae in the Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeastern Region of Brazil Luciana Carvalho Pereira1 · Alain Chautems2 · Luiz Menini Neto3 Received: 29 February 2020 / Revised: 31 August 2020 / Accepted: 24 October 2020 © Botanical Society of Sao Paulo 2020
Abstract The present work aimed to study the distribution and richness of Gesneriaceae in the Serra da Mantiqueira (SM), located in Southeastern Region of Brazil, as well as to evaluate the conservation degree of endemic species and possible areas of endemism of this Serra. The analyzed data were obtained from the literature, as well as from eight herbariums with representative collections of the SM, from field expeditions and an online database, and then marked on a map which was divided into 0.5° × 0.5° grid squares. Richness grid similarity analyzes were performed for the 55 species found, while a parsimony analysis of endemism and the conservation status evaluation were only performed with the 15 endemic species of Gesneriaceae registered for the SM. The highest richness was found for Northern Mantiqueira and the similarity between the squares confirmed the two SM sectors and the existence of a relationship between the interior of the ES and the Zona da Mata of MG. The 15 endemic species of the SM should be considered threatened to some degree due to restricted distribution, reduced populations and/or anthropogenic impact in their occurrence habitats. Given this richness, there is an imminent need for conservation policies which truly guarantee effective protection of the SM, as it represents a relevant refuge for species in general. Keywords Atlantic forest · Endemic species · Geographic distribution · Threatened species
1 Introduction Mountains are formed due to distinct tectonic processes and represent refuges and corridors of high plant diversity if compared with the contiguous lowlands and can be found in different floristic regions of the globe (Körner 1999). They can act as effective geographical barriers for distributing species, resulting in high richness, favoring the occurrence of several species with restricted distribution to mountainous environments, and associated with abiotic and biotic * Luciana Carvalho Pereira [email protected] 1
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036‑900, Brazil
2
Jardin Botaniques de La Ville de Genève, Chemin de l’Impératrice 1, 1292 Pregny‑Chambésy, Switzerland
3
Departamento de Botânica da, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036‑900, Brazil
conditions which provide suitable places for the speciation (Chaverri-Polini 1998; Safford 1999). Several mountainous areas of Brazil are relevant for species conservation, although there is a deficit in the knowledge about these environments (
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