Biological Invasions
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Edited by M.M. Caldwell, Washington, USA G. Heldmaier, Marburg, Germany R.B. Jackson, Durham, USA O.L. Lange, Würzburg, Germany H.A. Mooney, Stanford, USA E.-D. Schulze, Jena, Germany U. Sommer, Kiel, Germany
Ecological Studies Further volumes can be found at springer.com Volume 186 Biological Invasions in New Zealand (2006) R.B. Allen and W.G. Lee (Eds.)
Volume 195 The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing (2008) I.J. Gordon and H.H.T. Prins (Eds.)
Volume 187 Managed Ecosystems and CO2: Case Studies, Processes, and Perspectives (2006) J. Nösberger, S.P. Long, R.J. Norby, M. Stitt, G.R. Hendrey, and H. Blum (Eds.)
Volume 196 Western North American Juniperus Communites: A Dynamic Vegetation Type (2008) O. Van Auken (Ed.)
Volume 188 Boreal Peatland Ecosystem (2006) R.K. Wieder and D.H. Vitt (Eds.) Volume 189 Ecology of Harmful Algae (2006) E. Granéli and J.T. Turner (Eds.) Volume 190 Wetlands and Natural Resource Management (2006) J.T.A. Verhoeven, B. Beltman, R. Bobbink, and D.F. Whigham (Eds.) Volume 191 Wetlands: Functioning, Biodiversity Conservation, and Restoration (2006) R. Bobbink, B. Beltman, J.T.A. Verhoeven, and D.F. Whigham (Eds.) Volume 192 Geological Approaches to Coral Reef Ecology (2007) R.B. Aronson (Ed.) Volume 193 Biological Invasions (2007) W. Nentwig (Ed.) Volume 194 Clusia: A Woody Neotropical Genus of Remarkable Plasticity and Diversity (2007) U. Lüttge (Ed.)
Volume 197 Ecology of Baltic Coastal Waters (2008) U. Schiewer (Ed.) Volume 198 Gradients in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador (2008) E. Beck, J. Bendix, I. Kottke, F. Makeschin, R. Mosandl (Eds.) Volume 199 Hydrological and Biological Responses to Forest Practices: The Alsea Watershed Study (2008) J.D. Stednick (Ed.) Volume 200 Arid Dune Ecosystems: The Nizzana Sands in the Negev Desert (2008) S.-W. Breckle, A. Yair, and M. Veste (Eds.) Volume 201 The Everglades Experiments: Lessons for Ecosystem Restoration (2008) C. Richardson (Ed.) Volume 202 Ecosystem Organization of a Complex Landscape: Long-Term Research in the Bornh ved Lake District, Germany (2008) O. Fränzle, L. Kappen, H.-P. Blume, and K. Dierssen (Eds.)
Wolfgang Nentwig Editor
Biological Invasions
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Nentwig Community Ecology Zoological Institute University of Bern Baltzerstrasse 6 3012 Bern Switzerland
Cover illustration: The cover drawing shows the global dimensions of three invasion histories. (1) Imports of the first potato (Solanum tuberosum) from the Andean highlands to Europe began around 1550. In the eighteenth century potatoes were brought to the east coast of North America from where potato cultivation expanded to the west coast, until potatoes came into contact with the native weed Solanum rostratum. From this plant, the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) switched in 1859 to Solanum tuberosum, reached via potato fields the east coast of North America, crossed the Atlantic in 1874, and invaded Europe to East Asia. (2) The common water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), native to a small area in tropical South America, has be
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