Biological Properties of Nanocrystalline Silicon Particles for Biomedical Applications
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Biological Properties of Nanocrystalline Silicon Particles for Biomedical Applications Keisuke Sato1, Satoshi Yanagisawa1, Akio Funakubo1, Yasuhiro Fukui1, Kenji Hirakuri1, and Tetsuya Higami2 1
Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Ishizaka,
Hatoyama, Hikigun, Saitama, 350-0394, Japan 2
Department of Second Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17 Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan ABSTRACT We have studied the biological properties of nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) particles after injection at various places in a mouse. The nc-Si particles with a size of 2.5 nm and a concentration of 1.3 mg/ml were dispersed in a normal saline solution (NSS). The NSS dispersible nc-Si particles were safely injected into the mouse. When the nc-Si particles in the NSS were directly injected into the subcutaneous vein and the coronary artery of the heart by syringe, the condition of bloodstream at each place was confirmed by the red luminescence (peak wavelength at 720 nm) from the nc-Si particles under the ultraviolet (UV) light-irradiation. Moreover, the nc-Si particles in the NSS, which were injected into the vein in the sole, smoothly flowed to the small intestine, and the smooth fluidity of nc-Si particles was also observed for the condition of the peristalsis of the small intestine. The nc-Si particles in the small intestine emitted red light during peristalsis under the UV light-irradiation. The red luminescence at each place was very bright and could be clearly seen with the naked eye. These phenomenons were achieved by the utilization of the harmless material, the formation of nc-Si particles with the single-order-size and the realization of the stable surface modification as silicon-oxygen bond to the nc-Si particles. INTRODUCTION Luminescent semiconductor nanoparticles such as a cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium selenide (CdSe) have been widely studied for an application to various biomedical engineering fields [1,2]. In particular, these nanoparticle materials have been expected for the bio-imaging fields such as an observation material of the bloodstream condition, a labeling material of a cancer cell or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and a marker material of a drug delivery system [3-5]. They, however, have some problems regarding the safety of ingestion by a living organisms, production costs, resource, environmental impact and particle size. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new nanoparticle materials in order to practically use them in wide biomedical engineering fields. Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) particles, which are one of group IV semiconductor
nanoparticles, are currently the focus of intense research since they are harmless, a moderately price, a wealth of the material, a low environmental impact and a minimal particle size [6,7]. We have fabricated a solution in which nc-Si particles with various sizes from 3.0 nm to 1.9 nm were uniformly dispersed using dry and wet processes [8]. The solution dispersible nc-Si particles exhibited
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