Biological Wastewater Treatment Technology: Advancement and Drawback
Rapid population growth, industrialization and long-term droughts result in the occurrence of a wide range of contaminant in the surface and groundwater. These contaminants, when released in the environment cause problems to human beings and the environme
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Abstract
Rapid population growth, industrialization and long-term droughts result in the occurrence of a wide range of contaminant in the surface and groundwater. These contaminants, when released in the environment cause problems to human beings and the environment. Therefore, there is immense need to remove these contaminants form wastewater. In this context, biological wastewater treatment system serves as a good option to combat the problem of water pollution. Biological wastewater treatment system is a cost-effective and environmentalfriendly technology for the treatment of wastewater. Advances in technology have led to the evolution of several techniques for the removal of contaminant from wastewater. In this chapter, we discussed about the advancement and limitations of biological wastewater technology. Keywords
Contaminant · Wastewater · Membrane bioreacter · Constructed wetland
I. Zoomi · H. K. Kehri · D. Pandey · U. Singh · K. L. Chaudhary Sadasivan Mycopathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, UP, India O. Akhtar Department of Botany, Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical and Social Sciences, Sultanpur, UP, India R. P. Narayan (*) Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Government Girls P.G. College, Lucknow, UP, India # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 M. P. Shah (ed.), Removal of Emerging Contaminants Through Microbial Processes, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5901-3_10
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Introduction
Rapid population growth, industrialization and long-term droughts result in the occurrence of a wide range of contaminants in the surface as well as in groundwater (Cundy et al. 2008; Chong et al. 2010; Zeng et al. 2011). There are various contaminants persisting in wastewater such as heavy metals and many other organic as well as inorganic complex compounds (O’Connor 1996; Fatta et al. 2011; Li et al. 2011a, b). These contaminants when released in the environment cause problem to human beings as well the ecological environment. Therefore, there is a need to remove these contaminants forms wastewater (Jiang et al. 2006; Pang et al. 2001). In this context, there are various methods for the removal of contaminant including bioremediation, biodegradation, photocatalytic oxidation, use of iron oxide nanomaterials, and adsorption/separation processing (Huang et al. 2006; Ahmed et al. 2017; Long et al. 2011; Pang et al. 2001; Xu et al. 2012; Garcia-Rodríguez et al. 2014). Among them, biological wastewater treatment system serves as a good option to combat the problem of water pollution. Biological wastewater treatment system is a cost-effective and environmental-friendly technology for the treatment of wastewater. Biological treatment is an integral part of any wastewater treatment system and is usually suggested for treating wastewater as they have economic advantages over chemical treatment technologies (Dogruel et al. 2006). Biological wastewater treatment technologies have been widely used for the removal of contaminants principally by biodegradation mechani
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