Photocatalytic and biological oxidation treatment of real textile wastewater
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Photocatalytic and biological oxidation treatment of real textile wastewater Teklit Gebregiorgis Ambaye1,2 · Kiros Hagos3 Received: 17 September 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract In this study, the discoloration of wastewater containing azo dyes by chemical oxidation process combined with a biological treatment was evaluated and applied to real textile wastewater generated from one Ethiopian industrial site. The use of TiO2 as photocatalyst and the effect of the addition of H 2O2 on color removal was first investigated. Photocatalysis was followed by aerobic biological treatment, and their combination resulted in a high extent of color removal (93.3%) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction (90.4%). This was reached without pH correction and with low energy consumption compared to the implementation of AOPs alone. This study performed with real textile wastewater allows the direct extrapolation of the data for the design of a cost-effective and applicable treatment procedure at a pilot scale. Graphic abstract
Keywords Decolorization · Photocatalytic degradation · Wastewater treatment · Textile industry · Titanium dioxide · Hydrogen peroxide
Introduction
* Teklit Gebregiorgis Ambaye [email protected] 1
Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy
2
Department of Chemistry, Mekelle University, 231 Mekelle, Ethiopia
3
Mekelle Institute of Technology (MIT), Mekelle University, 1632 Mekelle, Ethiopia
Color is the most significant contaminant resulting from textile manufacturing whereby the presence of very small amounts of dyes in water (less than 1 ppm for some dyes) affect water transparency, gas solubility in lakes, rivers, and other water bodies [59] When compared to soluble colorless organic substances, color causes a significant additional effect on the environment and it must be removed before discharging wastewater into natural water bodies. A large number of international and local investors are participating in the development of Ethiopian textile
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industries as they are attracted by the several investment incentive packages available in the country. This in effect has increased the amount of wastewater discharge points with repercussive implications to the environment. For instance, according to the official dispatches of the Ethiopian Textile Industry Development Institute, the sector has consumed about 48,750,967 kg of dyes and chemicals of varied types in the year 2017. Given this as one elemental factor and the alarming nature of issues related to environmental problems in the country, the government has established Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) as a regulatory and monitoring body under proclamation number 295/2002. Along with this imperative initiative, the government has proclaimed a law designed for environmental pollution control in its proclamation 300/2002. In light of
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