Biomarker assessments of sources and environmental implications of organic matter in sediments from potential cold seep
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Biomarker assessments of sources and environmental implications of organic matter in sediments from potential cold seep areas of the northeastern South China Sea DING Ling1, 2, ZHAO Meixun1*, YU Meng1, LI Li1, HUANG Chi-Yue3 1 Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education,
Qingdao 266100, China 2 Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources,
Qingdao 266071, China 3 Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, China
Received 13 April 2016; accepted 2 November 2016 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017
Abstract
Multi-biomarker indexes were analyzed for two piston cores from potential cold seep areas of the South China Sea off southwestern Taiwan. Total organic carbon (TOC) normalized terrestrial (n-alkanes) and marine (brassicasterol, dinosterol, alkenones and iso-GDGTs) biomarker contents and ratios (TMBR, 1/Pmar-aq, BIT) were used to evaluate the contributions of terrestrial and marine organic matter (TOM and MOM respectively) to the sedimentary organic matter, indicating that MOM dominated the organic sources in Core MD052911 and the sedimentary organic matter in Core ORI-860-22 was mainly derived from terrestrial inputs, and different morphologies were the likely reason for TOM percentage differences. BIT results suggested that river-transported terrestrial soil organic matter was not a major source of TOM of sedimentary organic matter around these settings. Diagnostic biomarkers for methane-oxidizing archaea (MOA) were only detected in one sample at 172 cm depth of Core ORI-860-22, with abnormally high iso-GDGTs content and Methane Index (MI) value (0.94). These results indicated high anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) activities at or around 172 cm in Core ORI-860-22. However in Core MD052911, MOA biomarkers were not detected and MI values were lower (0.19–0.38), indicated insignificant contributions of iso-GDGTs from methanotrophic archaea and the absence of significant AOM activities. Biomarker results thus indicated that the discontinuous upward methane seepage and insufficient methane flux could not induce high AOM activities in our sampling sites. In addition, the different patterns of TEX86 and U K¶ temperature in two cores suggested that AOM activities affected TEX86 temperature estimates with 37 lower values in Core ORI-860-22, but not significantly on TEX86 temperature estimates in Core MD052911. Key words: biomarkers, organic matter sources, TOM, MOM, anaerobic oxidation of methane, South China Sea Citation: Ding Ling, Zhao Meixun, Yu Meng, Li Li, Huang Chi-Yue. 2017. Biomarker assessments of sources and environmental implications of organic matter in sediments from potential cold seep areas of the northeastern South China Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 36(10): 8–19, doi: 10.1007/s13131-017-1068-1
1 Introduction Gas hydrate is a crystalline solid composed of methane and water molecule and it is po
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