Sources of Particulate Organic Matter across Mangrove Forests and Adjacent Ecosystems in Different Geomorphic Settings
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ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF WETLANDS
Sources of Particulate Organic Matter across Mangrove Forests and Adjacent Ecosystems in Different Geomorphic Settings Daniel A. Saavedra-Hortua 1
&
Daniel A. Friess 2 & Martin Zimmer 1,3 & Lucy Gwen Gillis 1
Received: 14 October 2019 / Accepted: 16 December 2019 # The Author(s) 2019
Abstract Mangrove forests are among the world’s most productive ecosystems and provide essential ecosystem services such as global climate regulation through the sequestration of carbon. A detailed understanding of the influence of drivers of ecosystem connectivity (in terms of exchange of suspended particulate organic matter), such as geomorphic setting and carbon stocks, among coastal ecosystems is important for being able to depict carbon dynamics. Here, we compared carbon stocks, CO2 fluxes at the sediment-air interface, concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and suspended particulate organic carbon across a mangrove-seagrass-tidal flat seascape. Using stable isotope signatures of carbon and nitrogen in combination with MixSIAR models, we evaluated the contribution of organic matter from different sources among the different seascape components. Generally, carbon concentration was higher as dissolved organic carbon than as suspended particulate matter. Geomorphic settings of the different locations reflected the contributions to particulate organic matter of the primary producers. For example, the biggest contributors in the riverine location were mangrove trees and terrestrial plants, while in fringing locations oceanic and macroalgal sources dominated. Anthropogenic induced changes at the coastal level (i.e. reduction of mangrove forests area) may affect carbon accumulation dynamics in adjacent coastal ecosystems. Keywords Connectivity . Blue carbon . Carbon flux . Seagrass beds . Tidal flats . Suspended particulate matter
Introduction Mangrove forests play an important role of the tropical seascape, as well as for blue carbon accumulation, as they
* Daniel A. Saavedra-Hortua [email protected] Daniel A. Friess [email protected] Martin Zimmer [email protected] Lucy Gwen Gillis [email protected] 1
Mangrove Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheitstraße, 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
2
Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 1 Arts Link, Singapore 117570, Singapore
3
Faculty 02 Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
are sites of storage and exchange of carbon (Dittmar et al. 2012; Duarte et al. 2013; Kristensen et al. 2008). Mangrove forests store carbon within their aboveground (AGB) and belowground living biomass (BGB), nonliving biomass (e.g. dead wood) and sediments (Alongi 2014). Together with saltmarshes and seagrasses, mangrove forests are known as a “blue carbon” ecosystem, referring to the high rates at which these coastal ecosystems sequester and store carbon (Lovelock and Duarte 2019). Multiple studies have quantified mangrove carbon stocks (Bhomia et al. 2016; Kauffman et al. 20
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