Bioprocess and genetic engineering aspects of ascomycin production: a review
- PDF / 1,678,188 Bytes
- 11 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 49 Downloads / 268 Views
REVIEW
Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Open Access
Bioprocess and genetic engineering aspects of ascomycin production: a review Krishika Sambyal1 and Rahul Vikram Singh2*
Abstract Background: Ascomycin is a highly valuable multifunctional drug which exhibits numerous biological properties. Being an immunosuppressant, it is known to prevent graft rejection in humans and has potential to treat varying skin ailments. Its derivatives represent a novel class of anti-inflammatory macrolactams. But the biosynthetic machinery of ascomycin is still unclear. Main body of the abstract: Due to the structural complexity, there occurs difficulty in its chemical synthesis; therefore, microbial production has been preferred by using Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. ascomyceticus. Through several genetic manipulation and mutagenesis techniques, the yield can be increased by several folds without any difficulties. Genetic engineering has played a significant role in understanding the biosynthetic pathway of ascomycin. Short conclusion: Recently, many efforts have been made to utilize the therapeutic effects of ascomycin and its derivatives. This article covers concepts related to the production kinetics of ascomycin including an update of the ongoing yield improvement techniques as well as screening method of novel strains for ascomycin production. Keywords: Streptomyces hygroscopicus, Ascomycin, Immunosuppressant, Fermentation, Yield improvement, Mutagenesis
Background Ascomycin (FK520) is a pharmacologically significant 23-membered macrocyclic polyketide antibiotic which exhibits numerous biological activities like immunosuppressive [1], anti-malarial [2], anti-fungal, and antispasmodic [3] recognized as a highly valuable multifunctional drug [4]. It is used in the medical field for curing many skin ailments. Ascomycin has a structural analog known as tacrolimus (FK506) which is also used as a well-known immunosuppressive agent in the prevention of xenograft rejection after an organ transplant in humans [5]. It has a great potential to enhance regeneration of nerves with high functional recovery [6]. Both ascomycin and tacrolimus exist in the macrophilin-binding region as a mixture of several isomers [7]. Being an important and effective immunosuppressant, ascomycin drug has * Correspondence: [email protected] 2 Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
captivated the clinical industry for the treatment of organ transplant rejections, autoimmune, and skin diseases [3, 8, 9]. Other than an active pharmaceutical component, it is an initiating ingredient for the synthesis of its derivative like pimecrolimus (Fig. 1). This derivative can be an advantageous alternate of ascomycin with enhanced activity due to changes in the side-chain group [4, 10]. It is presently used for first-line treatment of atopic dermatitis (mild-to-moderate) [11]. Psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and vitiligo are some of th
Data Loading...
