Bioprospecting for Antibacterial Drugs: a Multidisciplinary Perspective on Natural Product Source Material, Bioassay Sel
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Bioprospecting for Antibacterial Drugs: a Multidisciplinary Perspective on Natural Product Source Material, Bioassay Selection and Avoidable Pitfalls T.P. Tim Cushnie 1 & Benjamart Cushnie 2 & Javier Echeverría 3 & Winita Fowsantear 1 & Sutthiwan Thammawat 1 & Jolyon L.A. Dodgson 4 & Samantha Law 5 & Simon M. Clow 6 Received: 25 April 2020 / Accepted: 30 May 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
ABSTRACT Bioprospecting is the exploration, extraction and screening of biological material and sometimes indigenous knowledge to discover and develop new drugs and other products. Most antibiotics in current clinical use (eg. β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides) were discovered using this approach, and there are strong arguments to reprioritize bioprospecting over other strategies in the search for new antibacterial drugs. Academic institutions should be well positioned to lead the early stages of these efforts given their many thousands of locations globally and because they are not constrained by the same commercial considerations as industry. University groups can lack the full complement of knowledge and skills needed though (eg. how to tailor screening strategy to biological source material). In this article, we review three key aspects of the bioprospecting literature (source material and in vitro antibacterial and toxicity testing) and present an integrated multidisciplinary perspective on (a) source material selection, (b)
legal, taxonomic and other issues related to source material, (c) cultivation methods, (d) bioassay selection, (e) technical standards available, (f) extract/compound dissolution, (g) use of minimum inhibitory concentration and selectivity index values to identify progressible extracts and compounds, and (h) avoidable pitfalls. The review closes with recommendations for future study design and information on subsequent steps in the bioprospecting process.
KEY WORDS biolaw . drug discovery . ecology . ethnomedicine . natural products
ABBREVIATIONS
1
Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, 269 Nakornsawan Road, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
2
Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai, Thailand
3
Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
4
Myerscough College, Preston, Lancashire, UK
AAFR110 ATCC BrdU CBD CC50 CFUGM CLSI COADD DMSO EdU ELC ELISA EMA EUCAST
5
National Collection of Industrial, Food and Marine Bacteria (NCIMB) Ltd, Aberdeen, UK
EURL
6
PMI BioPharma Solutions LLC, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-020-02849-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * T.P. Tim Cushnie [email protected]; [email protected]
Bis-alanyl-alanylphenylalanyl-rhodamine American Type Culture Collection Bromodeoxyuridine Convention on Biological Diversity Half-maximal cytotoxic concentration Colony forming unit granulocyte/ macrophage Clin
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