Inorganic nanoparticles for natural product delivery: a review
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REVIEW
Inorganic nanoparticles for natural product delivery: a review Jairam Meena1 · Anuradha Gupta1 · Rahul Ahuja1 · Mamta Singh1 · Sangeeta Bhaskar1 · Amulya K. Panda1 Received: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 July 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The therapeutic potential of plant-based natural products is well known, yet it is actually limited by poor water solubility, low bioavailability and rapid metabolism. These issues can be solved by formulation with silica, gold, iron and silver nanoparticles. This manuscript discusses the synthesis and toxicity of inorganic nanoparticles used for therapeutic applications. The use of silver nanoparticles in the 0.4–30 µg dose range is optimal without any severe short-term toxicity. The bio-distribution of gold nanoparticles are controlled by their size; for instance, 5–15 nm particles show broader organ distribution, whereas 50–100 nm particles were mainly found in the liver and spleen. Curcumin-loaded silver nanoparticles decrease four times the minimum effective concentration against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles enhance the solubility of resveratrol up to about 95%. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles delivered 2.68 fold higher paclitaxel concentrations in lungs as compared to the free drug. Keywords Natural products · Inorganic nanoparticles · Curcumin · Paclitaxel · Flavonoids · Quercetin Abbreviations PEG Polyethylene glycol PEI Polyethylenimine MCM-41 Mobil composition of matter No. 41 Fe3O4 Magnetite (Iron oxide)
Introduction Natural products are amongst the widely used medicinal compounds destined for targeting and treating various bourgeoning and emerging diseases. Plants, animals, bacteria, fungi and minerals are the common natural source for taking out these complex chemical molecules by various extraction processes, i.e., solvent extraction, distillation, supercritical fluid, ultrasonic, microwave-assisted extraction, pressing and sublimation methods, chemical synthesis and/or chemoenzymatic synthesis. These natural products are categorized in major as alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, volatile oils, fixed oils, resins, phenols and flavonoids. They possess Jairam Meena and Anuradha Gupta contributed equally. * Jairam Meena [email protected] 1
Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
several pharmacological properties such as anticancer, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-parasitic, anti-oxidative, anti-diabetic, anti-HIV, immunosuppressant activities and many more. According to an estimate, approximately 50% of the medications approved from 1981–2010 were of natural origins. Among them, 28% were semi-synthetic, 17% mimics of natural compounds and 5% natural entities. Among anticancer therapeutics, out of 175 anti-cancer drugs approved from 1940–2010, 48.6% drugs were either of natural origin or derived from natural products (Gurnani et al. 2014). Due to vast structural diversity and various biological activit
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