Biosensors: frontiers in rapid detection of COVID-19
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Biosensors: frontiers in rapid detection of COVID‑19 Rachel Samson1,2 · Govinda R. Navale1,2 · Mahesh S. Dharne1,2 Received: 8 June 2020 / Accepted: 27 July 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract The rapid community-spread of novel human coronavirus 2019 (nCOVID19 or SARS-Cov2) and morbidity statistics has put forth an unprecedented urge for rapid diagnostics for quick and sensitive detection followed by contact tracing and containment strategies, especially when no vaccine or therapeutics are known. Currently, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is being used widely to detect COVID-19 from various types of biological specimens, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive and may not be rapidly deployable in remote or resource-limited settings. This might lead to hindrance in acquiring realistic data of infectivity and community spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the population. This review summarizes the existing status of current diagnostic methods, their possible limitations, and the advantages of biosensorbased diagnostics over the conventional ones for the detection of SARS-Cov-2. Novel biosensors used to detect RNA-viruses include CRISPR-Cas9 based paper strip, nucleic-acid based, aptamer-based, antigen-Au/Ag nanoparticles-based electrochemical biosensor, optical biosensor, and Surface Plasmon Resonance. These could be effective tools for rapid, authentic, portable, and more promising diagnosis in the current pandemic that has affected the world economies and humanity. Present challenges and future perspectives of developing robust biosensors devices for rapid, scalable, and sensitive detection and management of COVID-19 are presented in light of the test-test-test theme of the World Health Organization (WHO). Keywords Biosensors · SARS-CoV-2 · COVID-19 · Rapid detection
Introduction In December 2019, severe respiratory distress, with pneumonia-like symptoms was reported in Wuhan, China. The metagenomic RNA sequencing from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the infected patients identified a new RNA virus (Zhou et al. 2020b). Later, the phylogenetic and genomic analyses revealed that the virus shares a close genetic resemblance to the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) like coronavirus (Lu et al. 2020). Subsequently, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) renamed the novel coronavirus (2019-nCOVID/ Rachel Samson and Govinda R. Navale contributed equally to this work. * Mahesh S. Dharne [email protected] 1
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
CSIR‑National Chemical, Laboratory, National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Biochemical Sciences Division, Pune, India
2
COVID-19) as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Lu et al. 2020). Since 12th March 2020, the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has been declared as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the WHO. To date, over fifteen million cases have been recorded across the globe. Be
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