Biosimulation in Biomedical Research, Health Care and Drug Development
Biosimulation is an approach to biomedical research and the treatment of patients in which computer modeling goes hand in hand with experimental and clinical work. Constructed models are used to interpret experimental results and to accumulate information
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Erik Mosekilde Olga Sosnovtseva Amin Rostami-Hodjegan Editors
Biosimulation in Biomedical Research, Health Care and Drug Development
Editors Professor Erik Mosekilde Technical University of Denmark Department of Physics Fysikvej Building 309 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark [email protected]
Professor Amin Rostami-Hodjegan University of Manchester School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Oxford Road M13 9PT, U Manchester United Kingdom [email protected]
Professor Olga Sosnovtseva Copenhagen University Department of Biomedical Sciences Panum Institute 2200 Copenhagen N Denmark [email protected]
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for all the information contained in this book. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. © 2012 Springer-Verlag/Wien SpringerWienNewYork is a part of Springer Science + Business Media springer.at Cover design: WMXdesign GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Typesetting: SPI, Pondicherry, India Printed on acid-free paper SPIN 80015426
With 146 Figures Library of Congress Control Number: 2011925411 ISBN 978-3-7091-0417-0 e-ISBN 978-3-7091-0418-7 DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-0418-7 SpringerWienNewYork
Preface
Growing funding for research in biomolecular and other forms of biological research during the last decades has provided us with a fantastic insight into many aspects of biological function. The aim of most studies has been to penetrate ever more deeply into the world of molecular and sub-cellular processes, and many important results have been achieved in studies of the structures, functions and regulatory mechanisms of the genes and their immediate products. One should not forget, however, that the single most characteristic feature of the living organism is its system’s nature, i.e. its dependence on the complicated network of mutually interacting control mechanisms that regulate the biological processes over an enormous range of different time and space scales. The genes provide a prescription for the proteins that the cells can produce, but the activity of the various genes is subject to a range of different controls, from other genes as well as from their RNA and proteins products and, to properly describe the genetic processes, the biological sciences need to apply a systemsoriented approach that can account for interactions among the various controls and for the time-dependent phenomena they generate. Chronic progressive disorders such as cancer, depression and diabetes may be related to genetic factors but are also associated with risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consum
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