Black Hole Superradiance in Astrophysics

BHs are one of the most striking predictions of Einstein’s GR, or of any relativistic theory of gravity. Since Schmidt’s identification of the first quasar, large consensus in the astronomy community has mounted that nearly all galactic centers harbor a s

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Richard Brito · Vitor Cardoso · Paolo Pani

Superradiance New Frontiers in Black Hole Physics Second Edition

Lecture Notes in Physics Volume 971 Founding Editors Wolf Beiglböck, Heidelberg, Germany Jürgen Ehlers, Potsdam, Germany Klaus Hepp, Zürich, Switzerland Hans-Arwed Weidenmüller, Heidelberg, Germany Series Editors Matthias Bartelmann, Heidelberg, Germany Roberta Citro, Salerno, Italy Peter Hänggi, Augsburg, Germany Morten Hjorth-Jensen, Oslo, Norway Maciej Lewenstein, Barcelona, Spain Angel Rubio, Hamburg, Germany Manfred Salmhofer, Heidelberg, Germany Wolfgang Schleich, Ulm, Germany Stefan Theisen, Potsdam, Germany James D. Wells, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Gary P. Zank, Huntsville, AL, USA

The Lecture Notes in Physics The series Lecture Notes in Physics (LNP), founded in 1969, reports new developments in physics research and teaching - quickly and informally, but with a high quality and the explicit aim to summarize and communicate current knowledge in an accessible way. Books published in this series are conceived as bridging material between advanced graduate textbooks and the forefront of research and to serve three purposes: • to be a compact and modern up-to-date source of reference on a well-defined topic. • to serve as an accessible introduction to the field to postgraduate students and nonspecialist researchers from related areas. • to be a source of advanced teaching material for specialized seminars, courses and schools. Both monographs and multi-author volumes will be considered for publication. Edited volumes should, however, consist of a very limited number of contributions only. Proceedings will not be considered for LNP. Volumes published in LNP are disseminated both in print and in electronic formats, the electronic archive being available at springerlink.com. The series content is indexed, abstracted and referenced by many abstracting and information services, bibliographic networks, subscription agencies, library networks, and consortia. Proposals should be sent to a member of the Editorial Board, or directly to the managing editor at Springer: Dr Lisa Scalone Springer Nature Physics Editorial Department Tiergartenstrasse 17 69121 Heidelberg, Germany [email protected]

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Richard Brito • Vitor Cardoso • Paolo Pani

Superradiance New Frontiers in Black Hole Physics Second Edition

Richard Brito Department of Physics Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy

Vitor Cardoso Instituto Superior Técnico University of Lisbon Lisbon, Portugal

Paolo Pani Department of Physics Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy

ISSN 0075-8450 ISSN 1616-6361 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Physics ISBN 978-3-030-46621-3 ISBN 978-3-030-46622-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46622-0 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2015, 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or par