Blood Safety A Guide to Monitoring and Responding to Potential New
This book offers a concise yet comprehensive overview on critical issues in monitoring and responding to new microbial threats to blood safety. It provides information on the current concerns and mechanisms for monitoring potential new infectious threats
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Blood Safety
Hua Shan • Roger Y. Dodd Editors
Blood Safety A Guide to Monitoring and Responding to Potential New Threats
Editors Hua Shan, MD, PhD Department of Pathology Stanford University Stanford, CA USA
Roger Y. Dodd, PhD American Red Cross Medical Office Rockville, MD USA Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD USA
ISBN 978-3-319-94435-7 ISBN 978-3-319-94436-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94436-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018956135 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Foreword
Assuring the safety of blood transfusions has been a fundamental and ongoing challenge from the earliest days of human experimentation with transfusion in the late seventeenth century. Introduction of cross matching at the dawn of the twentieth century based on Karl Landsteiner’s landmark discovery of blood groups ushered in the modern era of transfusion medicine by dramatically reducing deaths from blood incompatibility. Rapid advances in anticoagulation permitted blood storage, replacing direct donor to patient transfusions with the use of banked blood, enabling the widespread practice of transfusion. With expanded use, infectious disease risks of transfusion soon became apparent. First were reports of syphilis transmissions in 1911 and 1915, leading to universal donation testing, ongoing since 1938. Posttransfusion hepatitis was discovered in 1943, and a remarkably high incidence was documented in the early 1960s. Universal donation testing for HBsAg was implemented in 1971 based on the serendipitous discovery of the “Australia antigen” in 1962 and its subsequent linka
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