Blood values of cortisol, glucose, and lactate in healthy green turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) and affected by fibropapilloma
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Blood values of cortisol, glucose, and lactate in healthy green turtle (Chelonia mydas) and affected by fibropapillomatosis Leandro Abreu da Fonseca 1
&
Valéria Fagundes 2 & Fabricia Modolo Girardi 1 & Lorraine R. S. Dornelas 1
Received: 23 April 2019 / Accepted: 21 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Chelonia mydas is classified as threatened. Several factors have been indicated as threats to this species, either by reducing the resistance of turtles to various infectious agents, energy available for basic physiological processes, or by altering immunity due to the stress caused by these factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in plasma levels of glucose, lactate, and cortisol in healthy sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) and those affected by fibropapillomatosis submitted to different methods of containment and capture. The study sample comprised three experimental groups (G1, G2, and G3), including 140 animals. G1 was composed of 34 animals showing absence of fibropapilloma and captured in a federal conservation area in Fernando de Noronha, PE, Brazil. The groups G2 and G3 were composed of animals captured in the effluents released from steelworks in Vitória, ES, Brazil; G2 was composed of 66 animals without signs of fibropapillomas and G3 was composed of 40 animals with fibropapillomas. We observed that plasma levels of cortisol and lactate were higher in the G1 group than those in the G2 group. In contrast, plasma glucose levels were lower in G1 than in G2. The results show that plasma levels of cortisol and lactate were higher in G3 than in G2. The mean plasma glucose levels were not significantly different between G3 and G2. We can conclude that in marine turtles, cortisol and lactate levels can be used as biomarkers of stress and should always be evaluated together. Keywords Biomarkers . Stress . Capture . Fibropapilloma . Chelonia mydas
Introduction According of the Invasive Species Compendium (ISC), Chelonia mydas is classified as threatened (ISC 2019). Several factors, such as predatory fishing, marine pollution, reduced food availability, pressures due to disordered occupation of spawning environments (Aguirre et al., 1995), and the occurrence of diseases, have been indicated as threats to this species, either by reducing the resistance of turtles to various infectious agents (Rodenbusch et al. 2014), energy available for basic physiological processes, or by altering immunity due to the stress caused by these factors (Aguirre et al. 1995).
* Leandro Abreu da Fonseca [email protected] 1
Veterinary Department, Federal University of Viçosa, P.H. Rolfs Avenue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil
2
Biological Sciences Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
Factors, such as age, food availability, general health status, and capture method, may influence the production and release of adrenaline and cortisol. According to Gregory et al. (1996), Care
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