Blushing and the Social Emotions The Self Unmasked

The blush is a ubiquitous, but little understood, phenomenon. It involves an involuntary change in the face that can express feelings, reveal character and cause intense anxiety. Crozier provides a scholarly, yet accessible, synthesis of new research, loc

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W. Ray Crozier

Blushing and the Social Emotions

Also by W. Ray Crozier COGNITIVE PROCESSES IN THE PERCEPTION OF ART (editor with A. J. Chapman) DECISION MAKING: COGNITIVE MODELS AND EXPLANATIONS (editor with R. H. Ranyard and O. Svenson) THE ESSENTIAL HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL ANXIETY FOR CLINICIANS (editor with L. E. Alden) INDIVIDUAL LEARNERS: PERSONALITY DIFFERENCES IN EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL ANXIETY (editor with L. E. Alden) MANUFACTURED PLEASURES: PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO DESIGN SHYNESS: DEVELOPMENT, CONSOLIDATION, AND CHANGE (editor) SHYNESS AND EMBARRASSMENT: PERSPECTIVES FROM SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY (editor) UNDERSTANDING SHYNESS: PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

Blushing and the Social Emotions The Self Unmasked

W. Ray Crozier

© W. Ray Crozier 2006

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2006 978-1-4039-4675-1 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2006 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries.

ISBN 978-1-349-52388-7 ISBN 978-0-230-50194-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230501942 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Crozier, W. Ray, 1945– Blushing and the social emotions : the self unmasked / W. Ray Crozier. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Blushing. 2. Emotions – Physiological aspects. 3. Emotions – Social aspects. 4. Self-consciousness. I. Title. QP401.C76 2006 152.4––dc22 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06

2005055272

To Sandra, John and Beth

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Contents List of Tables and Figure

ix

Acknowledgements

x

Introduction

xi I Emotion in Social Life

1 Emotion and its Expression Darwin on the blush Darwin’s legacy Conclusion

3 3 11 20

2 Self-consciousness and Emotion Self-consciousness Self-focu