Boron Analysis and Boron Imaging in BNCT
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) strongly depends on the selective uptake of 10B in tumor cells and on the 10B distribution inside single cells. The chemical properties of boron and the need to discriminate different isotopes make the investigation of
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Boron Analysis and Boron Imaging in BNCT Andrea Wittig and Wolfgang A.G. Sauerwein
Contents 9.1 9.2
Introduction .................................................................................................................. Description of Methods ................................................................................................ 9.2.1 Prompt Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy .................................................................... 9.2.2 Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy ........................................................ 9.2.3 High-Resolution Alpha Autoradiography, Alpha Spectroscopy, and Neutron Capture Radiography .................................................................... 9.2.4 Laser Post-ionization Secondary Neutral Mass Spectrometry ........................... 9.2.5 Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ................................................................... 9.2.6 Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry and Proteomic Technologies ................................ 9.2.7 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Magnetic Resonance Imaging ..................... 9.2.8 Positron Emission Tomography .........................................................................
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References ................................................................................................................................. 183
A. Wittig (*) Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany e-mail: [email protected] W.A.G. Sauerwein NCTeam, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, D-45122, Essen, Germany e-mail: [email protected] W.A.G. Sauerwein et al. (eds.), Neutron Capture Therapy, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-31334-9_9, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
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A. Wittig and W.A.G. Sauerwein
Introduction
Boron has two stable naturally occurring isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundance of approximately 19 and 81 %, respectively. In biology, boron is an essential trace element for the growth of higher plants. Even in organisms in which boron is present but has not been established as essential (e.g., animals and humans), this element has been recognized to be beneficial. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) exploits the ability of the isotope 10B to capture thermal neutrons with a very high probability, leading to the nuclear reaction 10B(n,a,g)7Li. This reaction produces 478 keV gamma rays, He-4 particles, and Li-7 recoil ions, the latter two having high linear energy transfer (LET) properties and a high relative biological effectiveness (RBE) relative to photon irradiation. The range of these particles in tissue is limited to 8 and 4 mm, respectively, which restricts their effects to one cell diameter. Therefore, if the 10B can be selectively delivered to tumor cells, the short range of the high LET-charged particles offers the potential for a targeted irradiation of individual tumor cells [1, 2]. The energy released in matter by the a and 7
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