Boron as Boric Acid Induces mRNA Expression of the Differentiation Factor Tuftelin in Pre-Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells
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Boron as Boric Acid Induces mRNA Expression of the Differentiation Factor Tuftelin in Pre-Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells Sema S. Hakki 1,2
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Serife Buket Bozkurt 2,3
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Erdogan E. Hakki 4
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Forrest H. Nielsen 5
Received: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 15 June 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The effects of boron on the formation and maintenance of mineralized structures at the molecular level are still not clearly defined. Thus, a study was conducted using MC3T3-E1 cells to determine whether boron affected mRNA expressions of genes associated with bone/alveolar bone formation around the teethMC3T3-E1 (clone 4) cells were cultured in media treated with boric acid at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 10, 100, or 1000 ng/ml. Total RNAs of each group were isolated on day 3. Gene expression profiles were determined by using RT2 Profiler PCR micro-array that included 84 genes associated with osteogenic differentiation. Tuftelin1 mRNA expression was upregulated by all boron treatments. The upregulation was confirmed by quantitative RTPCR using the tuftelin probe. While 100 ng/ml had no effect on the integrin-α2 (Itga2) transcript and 1 ng/ml boric acid induced Itga2 mRNA expression (2.1-fold), 0.1, 10, and 1000 ng/ml boric acid downregulated the integrin-α2 gene transcript 2.2-, 1.5-, and 2.1-fold respectively. While 0.1 ng/ml boric acid induced BMP6, increased BMP1r mRNA expression (1.5 fold) was observed in 1000 ng/ml boric acid treatment. The findings suggest that boron affects the regulation of the tuftelin1 gene in osteoblastic cells. Further studies are needed to establish that the beneficial actions of boron on alveolar bone and tooth formation and maintenance include an effect on the expression of the tuftelin1 gene. Keywords Boric acid . Osteoblastic differentiation . Tuftelin . Osteogenesis
Introduction An increasing number of cell culture, animal, and human studies indicate that boron in nutritional amounts has beneficial health effects. We have found that boron positively regulates genes in MC3T3-E1 cells that are important for bone formation and remodeling [1]. In rabbits fed with a highenergy diet, boron had beneficial effects on bone strength * Sema S. Hakki [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, 42079 Konya, Turkey
2
Faculty of Dentistry, Research Center, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
3
Present address: Faculty of Dentistry, Research Lab of Dental Faculty, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Molecular Genetics & Biotechnology Laboratories, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Research Nutritionist Consultant, 3000 Belmont Road, Grand Forks, ND, USA
and mineral composition [2]. Rat and mouse studies have shown that boron deficiency impaired injured bone healing by apparently reducing osteogenesis [3, 4]. Boron deficiency decreased alveolar bone remodeling and inhibited bone formation. The supplements used the
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