Brain Changes in the White Matter of the Brain White Matter Changes and Cognitive Functions in Asymptomatic Patients
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Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol. 169, No. 5, September, 2020 GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Brain Changes in the White Matter of the Brain White Matter Changes and Cognitive Functions in Asymptomatic Patients A. B. Berdalin, A. K. Nikogosova, I. L. Gubskiy, E. A. Kovrazhkina, L. V. Gubskiy, and V. G. Lelyuk
Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 169, No. 5, pp. 559-563, May, 2020 Original article submitted December 30, 2019 We analyzed the relationship between white matter hyperintensities in T2-weighted MRimages (according to Fazekas score) and the state of cognitive functions (total MOCA score) in 65 asymptomatic individuals. A relationship between the presence/number of lesions in the deep white matter of the brain and cognitive status according to the total MOCA score was revealed. The results of cognitive functions assessment also correlated with MRI evaluation of the severity of brain cortex atrophy. The severity of deep white matter lesions according to the Fazekas scale were also associated with end-diastolic blood flow velocities in the middle cerebral, vertebral, and basilar arteries. Key Words: magnetic resonance imaging; white matter lesions; cognitive dysfunction; Fazekas scale; MOCA scale Among the various phenomena visualized during MRI of the brain, one of the most common is hyperintensity loci in white matter at T2-weighted FLAIR (fluidattenuated inversion recovery) images, which are usually named white matter lesions (leukoaraiosis) [10]. These changes may accompany various pathological conditions and are often observed in asymptomatic individuals, including those who are apparently healthy [3]. The frequency of MRI detection of white matter lesions according to different authors varies from 5.5 to 100%, depending on the characteristics of specific studies samples [2,7]. White matter lesions are usually classified according to their localization: periventricular or deep white matter (subcortical) [10]. It was shown that these variants of white matter lesions differ by their histological structure: the lesions located in the periventricular white matter are characterized by areas of subependymal gliosis, loss of ependyma, and demyelination, while deep lesions show more pronounced demyelination, areas of tissue edema, and formation Federal Center for Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia. Address for correspondence: [email protected]. A. B. Berdalin
of microcavities. These differences between the two variants are due to the characteristics of their etiology and pathogenesis [9]. The data on the relationship between white matter lesions and cognitive functions state are contradictory: some authors reported the existence of a correlation between the number of lesions in the brain white matter and cognitive deficit severity, others revealed no relationships [6,10]. The inconsistency of published results, in addition to sample characteristics, can be explained by difference
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