Cross-Sectional Volumes and Trajectories of the Human Brain, Gray Matter, White Matter and Cerebrospinal Fluid in 9473 T
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Cross-Sectional Volumes and Trajectories of the Human Brain, Gray Matter, White Matter and Cerebrospinal Fluid in 9473 Typically Aging Adults Andrei Irimia 1,2
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Accurate knowledge of adult human brain volume (BV) is critical for studies of aging- and disease-related brain alterations, and for monitoring the trajectories of neural and cognitive functions in conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and traumatic brain injury. This scoping meta-analysis aggregates normative reference values for BV and three related volumetrics—gray matter volume (GMV), white matter volume (WMV) and cerebrospinal fluid volume (CSFV)—from typically-aging adults studied crosssectionally using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Drawing from an aggregate sample of 9473 adults, this study provides (A) regression coefficients β describing the age-dependent trajectories of volumetric measures by sex within the range from 20 to 70 years based on both linear and quadratic models, and (B) average values for BV, GMV, WMV and CSFV at the representative ages of 20 (young age), 45 (middle age) and 70 (old age). The results provided synthesize ~20 years of brain volumetrics research and allow one to estimate BV at any age between 20 and 70. Importantly, however, such estimates should be used and interpreted with caution because they depend on MRI hardware specifications (e.g. scanner manufacturer, magnetic field strength), data acquisition parameters (e.g. spatial resolution, weighting), and brain segmentation algorithms. Guidelines are proposed to facilitate future meta- and mega-analyses of brain volumetrics. Keywords Brain volume . Gray matter . White matter . Cerebrospinal fluid . Meta-analysis
Abbreviations AD Alzheimer’s disease AIC Akaike information criterion AIR automated image registration B magnetic field strength BET brain extraction tool BV brain volume CSF cerebrospinal fluid CSFV cerebrospinal fluid volume CT computed tomography EM expectation maximization
* Andrei Irimia [email protected] 1
Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
2
Denney Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
ETL ExBrain F FSL GE GM GMV ICV M MIDAS mm ms MRI PD RAVENS SPM T TE TI TR
echo train length extended brain female(s) FMRIB software library General Electric gray matter gray matter volume intracranial volume male(s) metabolite imaging and data analysis system millimeter millisecond magnetic resonance imaging Parkinson’s disease regional analysis of volumes examined in normalized space statistical parametric mapping tesla echo time inversion time repetition time
Neuroinform
TBI var. VBM WM WMV
traumatic brain injury various voxel-based morphometry white matter white matter volume
Introduction The volume of the adult huma
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