Brazilian Estuaries A Benthic Perspective

This book presents the main drivers of benthic structure and processes in estuaries from the 8,000 km-Brazilian coast, assesses the influence of natural and human disturbance, and discusses their ecological importance and management needs. Estuaries are u

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Paulo da Cunha Lana Angelo Fraga Bernardino Editors

Brazilian Estuaries A Benthic Perspective

Brazilian Marine Biodiversity Series editor Alexander Turra São Paulo, Brazil

This book series provides an in-depth analysis of Brazilian marine biodiversity for a broad and international readership. The diversity of marine habitats found in Brazil is astonishing and includes estuaries, coral reefs, rocky shores, sandy beaches, rhodolith beds, mangroves, salt marshes, deep-sea habitats, vegetated bottoms, and continental shelf. These habitats are addressed from an ecosystem perspective across the series, and characterized in terms of distribution along the Brazilian coast, records of relevant species, and information on the prevailing structuring ecological and oceanographic processes. The series presents an analysis of the role of biodiversity and the importance of ecosystem services, and discusses it in relation to the threats to each habitat, such as pollution, invasive species, and global environmental changes. It also introduces educational and outreach strategies to address the Brazilian population’s environmental questions related to the coasts and oceans, which could inspire educational projects on marine biodiversity worldwide. This series is an initiative of the Brazilian Network for Monitoring Coastal Benthic Habitats (ReBentos). Supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and the Research Program on Biodiversity Characterization, Conservation, Restoration and Sustainable Use of the São Paulo Research Foundation (BIOTA-FAPESP), ReBentos is also part of the Brazilian Network on Global Climate Change Research (Rede Clima) at the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI). More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15050

Paulo da Cunha Lana Angelo Fraga Bernardino Editors

Brazilian Estuaries A Benthic Perspective

Editors Paulo da Cunha Lana Universidade Federal do Paraná Centro de Estudos do Mar Pontal do Sul, Paraná, Brazil

Angelo Fraga Bernardino Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil

ISSN 2520-1077     ISSN 2520-1085 (electronic) Brazilian Marine Biodiversity ISBN 978-3-319-77778-8    ISBN 978-3-319-77779-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77779-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018942183 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imp