Brief Report: Parent Perspectives on Sensory-Based Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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BRIEF REPORT
Brief Report: Parent Perspectives on Sensory‑Based Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Moira Peña1,2,3 · Yvonne Ng1,2,3 · Jacquie Ripat3 · Evdokia Anagnostou1,4
© The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Sensory-Based Interventions (SBIs) are often recommended to enable function/participation in children with ASD. Still, there are limited studies to evaluate their effectiveness. Acceptability studies are an important step towards establishing effective interventions. We examined parents’ perceptions of the uptake and acceptability of such interventions. An online survey was sent to 399 families; response rate was 39%. The most frequently therapist-recommended interventions were trampoline (54.6%), massage (47.8%), and oral-motor tools (43.8%). Highest use was reported for massage (96.3%), trampoline (89.2%) and joint compressions and brushing (89.2%). The majority of parents viewed these interventions to be very important /important, (74.8%) but barriers to their use were identified. High acceptability of SBIs was reported by parents of children with ASD. Keywords ASD · Sensory · Sensory Processing · Sensory-Based interventions · Parent perspectives · Challenging behaviours · Autism
Introduction Atypical sensory processing skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been well established in the literature with up to 96% of children diagnosed with ASD demonstrating sensory processing deficits (Watling et al. 2018). As such, hyper and hypo responsivity to sensory input are now a diagnostic criterion of Autism Spectrum Disorder (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- Fifth Edition (DSM-5) (American Psychiatric Association 2013). Although sensory processing differences and their effects on functional performance and participation in daily activities are now widely recognized, Sensory-Based * Moira Peña [email protected] 1
Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, Canada
2
Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
3
Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Manitoba, R106‑771 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
4
Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Interventions (SBIs) remain understudied and have yet to be established as effective interventions to target challenging behaviours in children with ASD. The concept of sensory processing dysfunction in children is based on Dr. A. Jean Ayres’ research and theory development in the mid 1960′s (Watling and Hauer 2015). She noted that some children’s learning challenges, motor delays and atypical behaviours originated from sensorybased impairments and began to develop what is presently known to occupational therapists as the Sensory Integration (OT-SI) approach or theory (Ayres 1979; Reynolds et al. 2017). Occupational therapists use OT-SI theory to make hypotheses about the link between atypical behaviours and neurologic
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