Brief Report: Reactivity to Accelerometer Measurement among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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BRIEF REPORT
Brief Report: Reactivity to Accelerometer Measurement among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Justin A. Haegele1 · Xihe Zhu1 · Hunter J. Bennett1 Accepted: 28 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine reactivity to accelerometer measurement among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A sample of 23 adolescents with ASD (aged 15.00 ± 1.57 years old; 17 boys) wore triaxial accelerometers for at least 8 h per day for seven consecutive days. Descriptive statistics, including arithmetic means and standard deviations, as well as analysis of covariances with repeated measures (ANCOVAs) were conducted, controlling for participant body mass index and gender. While differences were not statistically significant, they exceed reactivity-based recommendations and have implications for future research with adolescents with ASD. The inverse reactivity pattern among adolescents with ASD is a unique finding that has important implications for research in this area. Keywords Accelerometry · Measurement · Adapted physical activity · Disability · Exercise Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at higher odds of experiencing overweight and obesity when compared to their same aged peers without ASD (Healy et al. 2019; McCoy et al. 2016). As such, research examining physical activity (PA), which has been identified as a modifiable causal factor linked to overweight and obesity, has gained considerable attention in studies focused on adolescents with ASD (Healy et al. 2017; Jones et al. 2017; Liang et al. 2020). Accelerometers are wearable devices that are commonly used in research examining PA among individuals with ASD (Hauck et al. 2016; Jones et al. 2017). While widely used (Jones et al. 2017; Liang et al. 2020), there are factors that may influence the validity of objective PA assessment (i.e., accelerometers) that have not been fully explored. One specific concern is reactivity, or the change in behavior due to participants’ awareness that they are being monitored (Dössegger et al. 2014; Zhu and Haegele 2019). According to Dössegger et al. (2014), a reactivity phenomenon of just 5% on the first or last day of measurement may introduce a relevant bias that can compromise the accuracy of habitual PA monitoring. Because of the * Justin A. Haegele [email protected] 1
Department of Human Movement Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
frequent utilization of accelerometers in research examining PA among youth with ASD (Jones et al. 2017; Liang et al. 2020), and potential concerns about reactivity specific to accelerometers with youth (Dössegger et al. 2014), it is important to examine this phenomenon among youth with ASD. However, our understanding of this phenomenon is currently limited to research focused on individuals without disabilities (Dössegger et al. 2014; Foley et al. 2011), with a growing body of research focused on persons with intellectual disabilities (Hilgenkamp et a
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