Britain and Norway in Europe Since 1945 Outsiders

This book examines Britain and Norway in Europe from 1945 through to the former's departure from the European Union in 2020. It compares their European relations and investigates their bilateral relationship within the contexts of security, trade and, abo

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Britain and Norway in Europe Since 1945

Geir K. Almlid

Britain and Norway in Europe Since 1945 Outsiders

Geir K. Almlid Nord University Levanger, Norway

ISBN 978-3-030-61472-0 ISBN 978-3-030-61473-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61473-7 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

To my daughter, Maria Alexandra

Preface

After I finished my Ph.D. in international politics at the University of East Anglia in 2009, I was clear on two things. First, I wanted some day to write more within the field of history. In my Ph.D. thesis, in which I analysed Britain’s and Norway’s negotiations for membership in the European Community in 1970–1972, I applied various political science theories. But much of the empirical data was based on documents found in government archives in London and Oslo. I found it rewarding to employ history methodology and sources. Second, I wanted to examine these countries’ European relations in a longer perspective. There is no book that covers Britain and Norway in Europe from the Second World War until today. The 2016 UK referendum on membership in the European Union (EU) sparked my desire to follow up on this. Brexit means that Britain and Norway are again together on the outside of the main European integration process that started with the European Coal and Steel Community and has come to be the EU. One of the questions that motivated me was why these two countries have appeared to struggle so deeply with this; throughout this period of 75 years they have, regardless of membership, been European outside