Bulk and Boundary Invariants for Complex Topological Insulators From

This monograph offers an overview of rigorous results on fermionic topological insulators from the complex classes, namely, those without symmetries or with just a chiral symmetry. Particular focus is on the stability of the topological invariants in the

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Emil Prodan Hermann Schulz-Baldes

Bulk and Boundary Invariants for Complex Topological Insulators From K-Theory to Physics

Mathematical Physics Studies Series editors Giuseppe Dito, Dijon, France Edward Frenkel, Berkeley, CA, USA Sergei Gukov, Pasadena, CA, USA Yasuyuki Kawahigashi, Tokyo, Japan Maxim Kontsevich, Bures-sur-Yvette, France Nicolaas P. Landsman, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6316

Emil Prodan Hermann Schulz-Baldes •

Bulk and Boundary Invariants for Complex Topological Insulators From K-Theory to Physics

123

Hermann Schulz-Baldes Department Mathematik Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Bayern Germany

Emil Prodan Physics Department Yeshiva University New York, NY USA

ISSN 0921-3767 Mathematical Physics Studies ISBN 978-3-319-29350-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-29351-6

ISSN 2352-3905

(electronic)

ISBN 978-3-319-29351-6

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016930275 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by SpringerNature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland

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Preface

Topological insulators are crystalline solids with supposedly very special properties. If stumbling upon such a crystal, which is possible because topological insulators are known to occur naturally on earth [73], a curious investigator will discover that the electrons deep inside the material are locked and they do not flow under electric field excitations. The immediate conclusion will be that the crystal is an insulator. However, when examining the surface of the crystal, our fictitious character will discover that the surface electrons are free to move like in a metal. Perhaps the first reaction will be to assign this odd behavior to surface contaminants and other factors like that, and the natural course of action wil