Burning of Heavy Fuel Oil in a Steam Jet in a New Burner
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BURNING OF HEAVY FUEL OIL IN A STEAM JET IN A NEW BURNER S. V. Alekseenko, I. S. Anufriev, M. S. Vigriyanov,
UDC 62-643, 662.61, 536.462
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E. P. Kopyev , I. S. Sadkin, and O. V. Sharypov
Abstract: A series of experimental investigations is performed for determining the thermal and environmental characteristics of burning heavy fuel oil of the M-100 type sprayed by a jet of superheated steam in a laboratory prototype of a new burner. A scheme of liquid fuel burning preventing choking of narrow fuel channels of injectors is proposed; this scheme ensures effective burning of highviscosity fuels and wastes. The process of stable burning of heavy fuel oil in a low-power (7 kW) burner with low concentrations of toxic emissions and high combustion efficiency is realized. Keywords: burner, heavy fuel oil, superheated steam, composition of combustion products, calorimetric measurements. DOI: 10.1134/S0021894420030025 INTRODUCTION Heavy fuel oil is a popular alternative or primary fuel in thermal power stations, which is often used as a startup fuel and plays an important role in providing thermal and electric energy for remote areas [1, 2]. However, heavy fuel oil is a residual product of oil refining, which means that it contains heavy and complex hydrocarbons and has high viscosity and increased fractions of sulfur, mechanical admixtures, paraffins, and metals [3]. These features of this liquid fuel prevent its effective burning by traditional methods, lead to contamination of fuel equipment, and enhance corrosion of burner elements owing to formation of aggressive deposits and coke [4], while its combustion products contain large amounts of soot and toxic emissions, such as NOx and SOx [5, 6]. Therefore, effective burning of heavy fuel oil requires special technologies and devices that increase the energy production efficiency, reduce emissions of toxic products of combustion, and increase the equipment service life. At the moment, the most popular methods of increasing the combustion efficiency of liquid fuels with simultaneous reduction of hazardous emissions are stepwise burning, using non-toxic injectors, recirculation of flue gases [7], etc. Mechanical injectors, injectors with dispersed media, and combined injectors are also used [8]. The main purpose is to reduce the fuel droplet diameter to ensure more complete combustion [9]. Updating of currently existing facilities also involves co-combustion of heavy fuel oil and natural gas [10], but the use of this method does not solve the principal problem of increasing the combustion efficiency of heavy fuel oil proper. Fluidized bed combustion was also reported [11], where the combustion efficiency of 99.8% was reached by means of increasing the fluidized bed thickness and NOx emissions were insignificant owing to moderate temperature of combustion. Another available method is heavy fuel oil gasification [12] preventing ejection of soot particles. NOx emissions can be also reduced (owing to reduction of temperature in the combustion chamber) by using water–fuel emulsions [13], which were
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