Cadmium Accumulation and mRNA Expression Associated with Detoxification in Various Organs of Black Seabream ( Acanthopag
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Article pISSN 1738-5261 eISSN 2005-7172
Cadmium Accumulation and mRNA Expression Associated with Detoxification in Various Organs of Black Seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) Exposed to Cadmium-contaminated Diet Won-Jun Yeo, Hyung-Jin Ahn, In-Uk Hwang, Keon-ho Lee, and Kyung-Nam Han* Department of Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea Received 6 November 2019; Revised 26 May 2020; Accepted 11 June 2020 © KSO, KIOST and Springer 2020
Abstract− Cadmium toxicity is proportional to its ionic concentration, and with long-term exposure, it interferes with ion regulation to maintain homeostasis and affects growth, reproduction, development, behavior, and immune and endocrine systems in organisms. Particularly, cadmium has a long residence time in the body, and if continuously absorbed, it accumulates in tissues, causing bioconcentration. Here, black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) was exposed to a cadmium-treated diet to investigate cadmium accumulation and mRNA expression of metallothionein (MT II) and heat shock protein (HSP90). The tissue-specific cadmium concentration showed a significant correlation with cadmium concentration and time in all treated tissues except the muscle. Cadmium accumulation in each organ decreased as follows: intestine > liver > gill > muscle. The MT II mRNA level initially increased in the intestine, before decreasing with time, different from the pattern in the other organs. In contrast, the liver showed an increasing trend of MT II mRNA level after the initial increase in the intestine. An increase in the MT II mRNA level in the gill was observed only under high cadmium concentration. Besides, the HSP90 mRNA level initially increased in the intestine and liver, but decreased with time, similar to that in the control group on day 28. mRNA expression of both MT II and HSP90 was observed in the gill and no significant difference was observed in the muscle. The results suggest that the cadmium accumulation pattern with dietary exposure to cadmium was different in each organ in relation to the protective genes metallothionein (MT II) and heat shock protein (HSP90). Keywords − heavy metal, bioaccumulation, chronic toxicity, HSP90, MT II
1. Introduction Cadmium, a commonly used metal in various industrial processes, including mining and refining, is one of the *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
leading causes of marine environment pollution. The toxicity of cadmium is proportional to the ionic concentration, and with long-term exposure, it interferes with ion regulation to maintain homeostasis and affects growth, reproduction, development, behavior, and immune and endocrine systems in aquatic organisms (Adams et al. 2010). Cadmium has a long residence time in the body, and if continuously absorbed, it accumulates in tissues, resulting in bioconcentration (Harrison and Curtis 1992). When cadmium enters the sea, biomagnification can occur in the marine ecosystem through the food chain and h
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