Cadmium in Soils and Plants
Over forty years ago, concern was first focussed on cadmium contamination of soils, fertilisers and the food chain. Adverse effects on human health were first highlighted nearly 30 years ago in Japan with the outbreak of Itai-itai disease. Since then, sub
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Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences VOLUME 85
Cadmium in Soils and Plants Edited by
M.1. McLAUGHLIN CS/RO Division of Soils/CRC for Soil and Land Management. Gien Osmond. Australia
and
B. R. SINGH Department of Soil and Water Sciences. Agricultural University o{ Norway. Norway
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A c.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-94-010-5916-9 ISBN 978-94-011-4473-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-4473-5
Prillled on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved © 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999 Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1999 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any mcans, clectronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
This book is dedicated to the memory of
Kevin George Tiller
Contents
Contributors Forewood Preface
xi xiii xv
1. Cadmium in Soils and Plants M. J. McLAUGHLIN and B. R. SINGH 1. Introduction 2. Accumulation of cadmium in soils and plants 3. World fertiliser supply - cadmium issues 4. Re-use of waste materials - cadmium issues
2
5 7
2. The Environmental Chemistry of Cadmium S. J. TRAINA
1. Basic chemical properties 2. Aqueous complexation 3. Abundance and form in natural environments 4. Cadmium concentrations in soils 5. Analytical approaches for cadmium speciation in the environment 6. Conclusions
11 12 17 24 28 33
viii
3. Chemistry of Cadmium in Soil Solution P.A.HELMKE 1. Introduction 2. Properties of cadmium 3. Cadmium in soil solution 4. Measured and calculated speciation of cadmium in soil solutions 5. Phenomena controlling the concentration of cadmium and zinc in soil solutions 6. Conclusions
39 40 40 45 55 61
4. Solid Phase Cadmium and the Reactions of Aqueous Cadmium with Soil Surfaces T. H. CHRISTENSEN and P. M. HAUNG 1. Introduction 2. Solid phases 3. Adsorption-desorption processes 4. Conclusions
65 66
77
90
5. Anthropogenic Additions of Cadmium to Soils B. J. ALLOWAY and E. STEINNES 1. Introduction 2. Cadmium concentrations in soils 3. Anthropogenic sources of cadmium 4. Conclusions
97 98 98 118
6. Mechanisms of Cadmium Uptake, Translocation and Deposition in Plants R. M. WELCH and W. A. NORVELL I. Introduction 2. Availability of cadmium in soil 3. Uptake of cadmium by roots 4. Transport and deposition 5. Bioavailability of cadmium in plant foods 6. Conclusions
125 126 128 139 144 144
ix
7. Management Factors which Influence Cadmium Concentrations in Crops C. A. GRANT, L. D. BAILEY, M. 1. McLAUGHLIN and B. R. SINGH 1. Introduction 2. Site selection 3. Crop selection and cultivar development 4. Fertiliser management 5. Soil pH and liming 6. Other soil amendments 7. Irrigation water quality 8. Phytoremediation 9. Other management factors 10. Conclusions
151 152 154 158 173 176 179 184 185 187
8. Adverse E
