Effect of Biochar on Cadmium Fractions in Some Polluted Saline and Sodic Soils
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Effect of Biochar on Cadmium Fractions in Some Polluted Saline and Sodic Soils Maryam Zahedifar1
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Received: 15 April 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Soil contamination by heavy metals is becoming a serious environmental problem especially in saline and sodic soils and information on different fractions of metals is useful to predict their mobility and availability in soil. Addition of organic amendments, as an important technique to remediation of metals has been considered recently. Therefore, the effect of sugarcane bagasse-derived biochar on cadmium (Cd) fractions in saline, sodic, saline-sodic and normal soils were evaluated through an incubation experiment using sequential extraction. Treatments included biochar (0, 2, and 4 wt %) of sugarcane bagasse and 50 mg Cd kg−1 with three replications. In all studied soils with 2 and 4% biochar application, the organic matter fraction was the dominant form of Cd. Biochar had no significant influence on exchangeable Cd in normal and sodic soils. Whereas, application of 2 and 4% biochar increased exchangeable Cd concentration in saline and saline-sodic soils probably due to high capacity of biochar to sorb salts that mitigate the negative effects of salts in soil solution. The mobility factor (MF) of Cd in studied soils was high (20–50%). The MF value decreased with the increase of biochar dosage. According to reduced partition index, Cd was partitioned in all fractions. Based on these results, biochar can mitigate the effect of Cd pollution in these soils. Keywords Fractionation Bioavailability Saline-sodic soils Soil organic amendments Cadmium ●
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Introduction Globally, about 831 million hectares of land in 75 countries especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world are classified as salt-affected lands (Martinez-Beltran and Manzur 2005). According to Qadir et al. (2007), saltaffected soils are classified into three groups of (i) saline, (ii) sodic, and (iii) saline-sodic soils. Properties of the saltaffected soils and crop production in the mentioned soils can negatively influenced by high concentration of dissolved mineral salts or exchangeable sodium on soil exchange sites. Due to the lack of cultivation area and meet the challenges of global food security, it is necessary to bring salt-affected soils under cultivation (Biswas and Biswas 2014).
* Maryam Zahedifar [email protected] 1
Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Application of organic matter (OM) improves soil properties by binding soil particles into aggregates. Biochar, as a carbon rich organic amendment, being made during exothermic slow thermal decomposition of biomass under zero oxygen or low oxygen conditions (Lehmann and Joseph 2009). Lately, production and application of biochar has gained increased attention due to increased concern regarding climate change resulting from increasing anthrop
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