Cancer classification using the Immunoscore: a worldwide task force
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Immuno score
Cancer classification using the Immunoscore: a worldwide task force Galon et al. Galon et al. Journal of Translational Medicine 2012, 10:205 http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/10/1/205
Galon et al. Journal of Translational Medicine 2012, 10:205 http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/10/1/205
REVIEW
Open Access
Cancer classification using the Immunoscore: a worldwide task force Jérôme Galon1,2,3,4,5*, Franck Pagès1,2,3,4, Francesco M Marincola5,6, Helen K Angell1,2,3, Magdalena Thurin7, Alessandro Lugli8, Inti Zlobec8, Anne Berger4, Carlo Bifulco9, Gerardo Botti10, Fabiana Tatangelo10, Cedrik M Britten11, Sebastian Kreiter11, Lotfi Chouchane12, Paolo Delrio13, Hartmann Arndt14, Martin Asslaber15, Michele Maio16, Giuseppe V Masucci17, Martin Mihm18, Fernando Vidal-Vanaclocha19, James P Allison20, Sacha Gnjatic20, Leif Hakansson21, Christoph Huber11, Harpreet Singh-Jasuja22, Christian Ottensmeier23, Heinz Zwierzina24, Luigi Laghi25, Fabio Grizzi25, Pamela S Ohashi26, Patricia A Shaw27, Blaise A Clarke27, Bradly G Wouters27, Yutaka Kawakami28, Shoichi Hazama29, Kiyotaka Okuno30, Ena Wang6, Jill O'Donnell-Tormey31, Christine Lagorce32, Graham Pawelec33, Michael I Nishimura34, Robert Hawkins35, Réjean Lapointe36, Andreas Lundqvist37, Samir N Khleif38, Shuji Ogino39, Peter Gibbs40, Paul Waring41, Noriyuki Sato42, Toshihiko Torigoe42, Kyogo Itoh43, Prabhu S Patel44, Shilin N Shukla44, Richard Palmqvist45, Iris D Nagtegaal46, Yili Wang47, Corrado D'Arrigo48, Scott Kopetz49, Frank A Sinicrope50, Giorgio Trinchieri51, Thomas F Gajewski5,52, Paolo A Ascierto53,54 and Bernard A Fox5,55,56
Abstract Prediction of clinical outcome in cancer is usually achieved by histopathological evaluation of tissue samples obtained during surgical resection of the primary tumor. Traditional tumor staging (AJCC/UICC-TNM classification) summarizes data on tumor burden (T), presence of cancer cells in draining and regional lymph nodes (N) and evidence for metastases (M). However, it is now recognized that clinical outcome can significantly vary among patients within the same stage. The current classification provides limited prognostic information, and does not predict response to therapy. Recent literature has alluded to the importance of the host immune system in controlling tumor progression. Thus, evidence supports the notion to include immunological biomarkers, implemented as a tool for the prediction of prognosis and response to therapy. Accumulating data, collected from large cohorts of human cancers, has demonstrated the impact of immune-classification, which has a prognostic value that may add to the significance of the AJCC/UICC TNM-classification. It is therefore imperative to begin to incorporate the ‘Immunoscore’ into traditional classification, thus providing an essential prognostic and potentially predictive tool. Introduction of this parameter as a biomarker to classify cancers, as part of routine diagnostic and prognostic assessment of tumors, will facilitate clinical decision-making including
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