Cannabinoids in Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiac Fibrosis
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HYPERTENSION AND METABOLIC SYNDROME (J SPERATI, SECTION EDITOR)
Cannabinoids in Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiac Fibrosis Carmen Navarrete 1 & Adela Garcia-Martin 1 & Jim DeMesa 1 & Eduardo Muñoz 2,3,4 Accepted: 28 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review This article provides a concise overview of how cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) have significant implications for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, including cardiac fibrosis. Recent Findings Over the past few years, the ECS has emerged as a pivotal component of the homeostatic mechanisms for the regulation of many bodily functions, including inflammation, digestion, and energy metabolism. Therefore, the pharmacological modulation of the ECS by cannabinoids represents a novel strategy for the management of many diseases. Specifically, increasing evidence from preclinical research studies has opened new avenues for the development of cannabinoid-based therapies for the management and potential treatment of MetS and cardiovascular diseases. Summary Current information indicates that modulation of the ECS can help maintain overall health and well-being due to its homeostatic function. From a therapeutic perspective, cannabinoids and the ECS have also been shown to play a key role in modulating pathophysiological states such as inflammatory, neurodegenerative, gastrointestinal, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer and pain. Thus, targeting and modulating the ECS with cannabinoids or cannabinoid derivatives may represent a major disease-modifying medical advancement to achieve successful treatment for MetS and certain cardiovascular diseases. Keywords Cannabinoids . Endocannabinoid system . Metabolic syndrome . Cardiovascular disease . Cardiac fibrosis
Introduction Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) are known to modulate important physiological processes in the body, including the central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular system, respiratory system, lymphatic system, digestive Carmen Navarrete and Adela Garcia-Martin contributed equally to this work. This article is part of the Topical Collection on Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome * Eduardo Muñoz [email protected] 1
Emerald Health Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
2
Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
3
Departamento de Biologia Celular, Fisiologia e Inmunologia, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
4
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
system, and many others. The ECS plays an important role in the proper functioning of metabolism and certain cardiovascular functions, including heart rate, vascular tone, and blood pressure [1, 2]. Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are interconnected conditions whose prevalence is growing at an alarming rate worldwide. MetS includes a pattern of several wellestab
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