Cannabinoids

Less than 20 years ago the ?eld of cannabis and the cannabinoids was still c- sidered a minor, somewhat quaint, area of research. A few groups were active in the ?eld, but it was already being viewed as stagnating. The chemistry of cannabis 9 9 was well k

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Volume 168 Editor-in-Chief K. Starke, Freiburg i. Br. Editorial Board G.V.R. Born, London M. Eichelbaum, Stuttgart D. Ganten, Berlin F. Hofmann, München B. Kobilka, Stanford, CA W. Rosenthal, Berlin G. Rubanyi, Richmond, CA

Cannabinoids Contributors M.E. Abood, S. Bátkai, T. Bisogno, G.A. Cabral, M.J. Christie, A.A. Coutts, S.N. Davies, R. de Miguel, L. De Petrocellis, V. Di Marzo, M. Egertová, M.R. Elphick, J. Fernández-Ruiz, S.J. Gatley, S.T. Glaser, M. Gómez, S. Gonzáles, M. Guzmán, C.J. Hillard, W.-S.V. Ho, A.G. Hohmann, A.C. Howlett, M.A. Huestis, A.A. Izzo, M. Karsak, G. Kunos, C. Li, A.H. Lichtman, K.P. Lindsey, M. Maccarrone, K. Mackie, A. Makriyannis, B.R. Martin, S.P. Nikas, P. Pacher, R.G. Pertwee, J.A. Ramos, P.H. Reggio, G. Riedel, P. Robson, E. Schlicker, A. Staab, B. Szabo, G.A. Thakur, O. Valverde, C.W. Vaughan, J.M. Walker, T. Wenger, A. Zimmer Editor

Roger G. Pertwee

123

Professor Dr. Roger Pertwee School of Medical Sciences Institute of Medical Science University of Aberdeen Foresterhill Aberdeen AB25 2ZD Scotland, UK email: [email protected]

With 84 Figures and 26 Tables

ISSN 0171-2004 ISBN 3-540-22565-X Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2004109756 This work is subject to copyright. All rights reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science + Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Editor: Dr. R. Lange Desk Editor: S. Dathe Cover design: design&production GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Typesetting and production: LE-TEX Jelonek, Schmidt & Vöckler GbR, Leipzig, Germany Printed on acid-free paper 27/3150-YL - 5 4 3 2 1 0

In memory of H.J.C. and Bill Paton – and for Teresa.

Preface

Less than 20 years ago the field of cannabis and the cannabinoids was still considered a minor, somewhat quaint, area of research. A few groups were active in the field, but it was already being viewed as stagnating. The chemistry of cannabis was well known, ∆9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9 -THC), identified in 1964, being t