Capsaicin and Its Analogues Impede Nocifensive Response of Caenorhabditis elegans to Noxious Heat
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Capsaicin and Its Analogues Impede Nocifensive Response of Caenorhabditis elegans to Noxious Heat Bruno Nkambeu1 · Jennifer Ben Salem1 · Francis Beaudry1 Received: 21 February 2020 / Revised: 1 May 2020 / Accepted: 5 May 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Capsaicin is the most abundant pungent molecule identified in red chili peppers, and it is widely used for food flavoring, in pepper spray for self-defense devices and recently in ointments for the relief of neuropathic pain. Capsaicin and several other related vanilloid compounds are secondary plant metabolites. Capsaicin is a selective agonist of the transient receptor potential channel, vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1). After exposition to vanilloid solution, Caenorhabditis elegans wild type (N2) and mutants were placed on petri dishes divided in quadrants for heat stimulation. Thermal avoidance index was used to phenotype each tested C. elegans experimental groups. The data revealed for the first-time that capsaicin can impede nocifensive response of C. elegans to noxious heat (32–35 °C) following a sustained exposition. The effect was reversed 6 h post capsaicin exposition. Additionally, we identified the capsaicin target, the C. elegans transient receptor potential channel OCR-2 and not OSM-9. Further experiments also undoubtedly revealed anti-nociceptive effect for capsaicin analogues, including olvanil, gingerol, shogaol and curcumin. Keywords Caenorhabditis elegans · Transient receptor potential cation channel · Capsaicin · Capsaicin analogs · Nociception
Introduction Capsaicin is the most abundant pungent molecule identified in chili peppers, and it is widely used for food flavoring, for pepper spray in self-defense devices and recently in ointments for the relief of neuropathic pain [1, 2]. Capsaicin and several other related vanilloid compounds are secondary plant metabolites [3]. Capsaicin is a selective agonist of the transient receptor potential channel, vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) [4–6]. Other vanilloids displayed similar properties [7, 8]. Upon sustained stimulation, TRPV1 agonists elicit receptor desensitization, leading to alleviation of pain, a consequence of receptor conformational changes and subsequent decrease of the release of pro-inflammatory molecules and neurotransmitters following exposures to noxious stimuli [9]. Interestingly, these effects have not yet * Francis Beaudry [email protected] 1
Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animal du Québec (GREPAQ), Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint‑Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada
been reported in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Adult C. elegans consists of 959 cells, of which 302 are neurons, which make this model attractive to study nociception at physiological levels [10]. C. elegans is especially convenient for the study of nociception as it presents a well-defined and reproducible nocifensive behavior, invol
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