Carbon Black as a Support in Palladium Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds
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on Black as a Support in Palladium Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds R. M. Mironenkoa,*, O. B. Belskayaa,**, and V. A. Likholobovb,*** a
Center of New Chemical Technologies BIC, Omsk, 644040 Russia b Federal Research Center Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] ***e-mail: [email protected]
Received February 14, 2020; revised February 14, 2020; accepted July 15, 2020
Abstract–The possibility of using carbon black (CB) as a support of palladium catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of organic compounds is considered. The advantages of Pd/CB catalysts are demonstrated by examples of liquid-phase hydrogenation of aromatic aldehydes and nitro compounds. The combination of high catalytic parameters (activity, selectivity, and stability) achieved by these catalysts in hydrogenation reactions indicates that they are promising for use on an industrial scale, in particular in the syntheses of fine chemicals. Keywords: carbon black, carbon support, palladium catalysts, catalytic hydrogenation DOI: 10.3103/S0361521920060087
Porous carbon materials have been used for a long time in heterogeneous catalysis not only as catalysts but also as catalyst supports due to a suitable combination of their structural and physicochemical characteristics [1, 2]. Metal catalysts supported on carbon materials are mainly used in reactions involving hydrogen, in particular for the hydrogenation of organic compounds in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fragrances, dyes, as well as intermediates in the large-scale production of plastics and synthetic fibers [1–3]. Well known among them are catalysts of the “palladium on carbon” type, in the presence of which about 75% of hydrogenation reactions are carried out [4]. One of the reasons for the widespread use of these catalysts is the availability and variety of forms of porous carbon materials. Moreover, carbon supports are characterized by a developed pore space, controlled chemical properties of the surface, as well as chemical inertness, especially in the environment of strong acids and bases [2]. Conventionally, special kinds of active carbon (AC) are used for the preparation of supported palladium hydrogenation catalysts [1, 3, 5]. At present, the attention of researchers is also attracted by various nanostructured carbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers, graphene, Sibunit [2, 6–8]. Carbon black (CB), being a large tonnage product of the oil and gas industry (world production was around 13 million tons in 2018 [9]), is
one of the cheapest and most accessible carbon materials, and the peculiarities of the structure of CB in combination with the physicochemical characteristics of its surface make it possible to consider this carbon material as highly suitable for use as a support of catalytic active components. Despite this, only a small fraction of CB produced in industry is in demand in heterogeneous catalysis. For example, the supported 0.77% Pd/CB cataly
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